Dietary tryptophan supplementation and affective state in pigs

Stracke, Jenny; Otten, Winfried; Tuchscherer, Armin; Witthahn, Maren; Metges, C. C.; Puppe, Birger; Düpjan, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2017.03.009

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(2 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For instance, in human glioblastoma cells, the TRP contamination of 1-MT (L-isomer) resulted in an increased production of KYN, indicating an accelerated degradation of TRP via KP (31). This was supported by studies in pigs where TRP supplementation resulted in an overall activation of the KP as well as the 5-HT system (34). In contrast, the results of our present study show that the 1-MT-induced elevation of TRP, which was associated with increased production of KYNA with a decrease of other TRP metabolites such as KYN or 5-HT in mice as well as in human blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Immunomodulator 1-Methyltryptophan Drives Tryptophan Catabolism Toward the Kynurenic Acid Branch

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Animal model studies revealed that the application of 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT), a tryptophan (TRP) analog, surprisingly increased plasma levels of the TRP metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA). Under inflammatory conditions, KYNA has been shown to mediate various immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, the present study aims to confirm and clarify the effects of 1-MT on TRP metabolism in mice as well as in humans. Methods: Splenocytes from Balb/C or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase knockout (IDO1 −/−) mice or whole human blood were stimulated with 1-MT for 6, 24, or 36 h. C57BL/6 mice received 1-MT in drinking water for 5 days. Cell-free supernatants and plasma were analyzed for TRP and its metabolites by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Results: 1-MT treatment induced an increase in TRP and its metabolite, KYNA in Balb/C, IDO −/− mice, and in human blood. Concurrently, the intermediate metabolite kynurenine (KYN), as well as the KYN/TRP ratio, were reduced after 1-MT treatment. The effects of 1-MT on TRP metabolites were similar after the in vivo application of 1-MT to C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions: The data indicate that 1-MT induced an increase of KYNA ex vivo and in vivo confirming previously described results. Furthermore, the results of IDO −/− mice indicate that this effect seems not to be mediated by IDO1. Due to the proven immunomodulatory properties of KYNA, a shift toward this branch of the kynurenine pathway (KP) may be one potential mode of action by 1-MT and should be considered for further applications.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Immunomodulator 1-Methyltryptophan Drives Tryptophan Catabolism Toward the Kynurenic Acid Branch

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A major issue was the scientific question interfering directly with the results. Animals that were assigned to groups based on their individuality (e.g., backtest) [ 28 , 34 , 64 , 81 ], behaviour changes based on social isolation [ 31 , 36 , 58 , 59 , 88 , 90 ], or diet-dependent behaviour [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 52 , 57 , 69 , 70 , 75 ] varied in their performance in the OFT; therefore, the untreated control groups of the different studies were not comparable because their baseline characteristics differed significantly due to preselection for these traits. Additionally, the assessment of results varied from objective (e.g., automated tracking) [ 37 , 56 ] to subjective measures (e.g., Noldus Observer) [ 31 , 45 , 87 ], and recordings were not always analysed over the same time frames (e.g., sampling of videos by 10 s every minutes) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Open Field Test as a Tool for Behaviour Analysis in Pigs: Recommendations for Set-Up Standardization – A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The open field (OFT) test is a common tool to assess anxiety and behavioural changes in rodents. It has been adapted to pigs with no systematic investigation of how environmental changes may alter the performance of pigs. Currently, the number of published studies including the OFT in domestic pig models is increasing without standardisation Methods: Our review aimed to investigate the open field (OF) set-ups in published studies and the similarities between performance and published parameters. Results: Following the PRISMA guidelines for reviews, we selected 69 studies for inclusion in this systematic review. We determined the specific set-up conditions such as dimensions, duration and time of day for most of the included studies; we found high variability across studies with respect to these test specifics. Discussion: Our results indicate the inconsistent implementation of OF the set-up, including dimensions, timing, parameters, and additional combined tests (e.g. new object tests). Based on our findings, we have made recommendations for the performance of the OFT, according to the current literature.

show abstract

“…The Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (RQUICKI, RQUIKI with BHB correction) and Homeostasis Model Assessment were calculated as described by Guyot et al (2017). Plasma Trp was measured by HPLC and fluorescence detector as described by Kuhla et al (2010), and plasma kynurenine (Kyn) was measured by HPLC connected with a variable wavelength detector as modified from Stracke et al (2017). Briefly, the HPLC system for measurement of Kyn was equipped with a 250 × 4-mm HyperClone 5 uMODS (C18) 120-Å column protected by a 4 × 3-mm C18 pre-column (Phenomenex) set at a temperature of 25°C.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in net fat oxidation, heat production, and liver mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between high and low feed-efficient dairy cows

Kennedy

Becker

Hammon

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Improving feed utilization efficiency in dairy cattle could have positive economic and environmental effects that would support the sustainability of the dairy industry. Identifying key differences in metabolism between high and low feed-efficient animals is vital to enhancing feed conversion efficiency. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to determine whether cows grouped by either high or low feed efficiency have measurable differences in net fat and carbohydrate metabolism that account for differences in heat production (HP), and if so, whether these differences also exists under conditions of feed withdrawal when the effect of feeding on HP is minimized, and (2) to determine whether the abundance of mitochondria in the liver can be related to the high or low feed-efficient groups. Ten dairy cows from a herd of 15 (parity = 2) were retrospectively grouped into either a high (H) or a low (L) feed-efficient group (n = 5 per group) based on weekly energy-corrected milk (ECM) divided by dry mater intake (DMI) from wk 4 through 30 of lactation. Livers were biopsied at wk −4, 2, and 12, and blood was sampled weekly from wk −3 to 12 relative to parturition. Blood was subset to be analyzed for the transition period (wk −3 to 3) and from wk 4 to 12. In wk 5.70 ± 0.82 (mean ± SD) postpartum (PP), cows spent 2 d in respiration chambers (RC), in which CO 2 , O 2 , and CH 4 gases were measured every 6 min for 24 h. Fatty acid oxidation (FOX), carbohydrate oxidation (COX), metabolic respiratory quotient (RQ), and HP were calculated from gas measurements for 23 h. Cows were fed ad libitum (AD-LIB) on d 1 and had feed withdrawn (RES, restricted diet) on d 2. Additional blood samples were taken at the end of the AD-LIB and RES feeding periods in the RC. During wk 4 to 30 PP, H had greater DMI/kg of metabolic body weight (BW 0.75 ), ECM per kilogram of BW 0.75 yield, and ECM/DMI ratio, compared with L, but a lower body condition score between wk 4 and 12 PP. In the RC period, we detected no differences in BW, DMI, or milk yield between groups. We also detected no significant group or group by feeding period interactions for plasma metabolites except for Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, which tended to have a group by feeding period interaction. The H group had lower HP and HP per kilogram of BW 0.75 compared with L. Additionally, H had lower FOX and FOX per kilogram of BW 0.75 compared with L during the AD-LIB period. Methane, CH 4 per kilogram of BW 0.75 , and CH 4 per kilogram of milk yield were lower in H compared with L, but, when adjusted for DMI, CH 4 / DMI did not differ between groups, nor did HP/DMI. Relative mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in the liver were lower in the L than in the H group. These results suggest that lower feed efficiency in dairy cows may result from fewer mitochondria per liver cell as well as a greater whole-body HP, which likely partially results from higher net fat oxidation.

show abstract

Dietary tryptophan supplementation and affective state in pigs

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

The Immunomodulator 1-Methyltryptophan Drives Tryptophan Catabolism Toward the Kynurenic Acid Branch

The Immunomodulator 1-Methyltryptophan Drives Tryptophan Catabolism Toward the Kynurenic Acid Branch

The Open Field Test as a Tool for Behaviour Analysis in Pigs: Recommendations for Set-Up Standardization – A Systematic Review

Differences in net fat oxidation, heat production, and liver mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between high and low feed-efficient dairy cows

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About