Dietary threonine requirements of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

A deficiency or an excess of dietary threonine level affects weight gain, enzyme activity, immune response and immune-related gene expression in juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

“…These results indicated that an excess dietary threonine level may have negative impacts on fish health. Similarly, excess dietary threonine level markedly affected AST activity in grass carp [6], and AST and ALT activities in Pacific white shrimp [44]. On the contrary, excess dietary threonine did not significantly influence the activity of ALT in grass carp [6].…”

“…In fish, antioxidant defenses can be influenced by both intrinsic (systematic position, age, feeding behavior, food consumption and diet type) and extrinsic (toxins present in the water, seasonal, and daily changes in dissolved oxygen and water temperature) factors [50e53]. The lowest activity of SOD was observed in shrimp fed with a low-threonine diet, and the activity increased when dietary threonine levels increased from 1.28% to 2.30% [44]. Nevertheless, in the present study, plasma SOD activity was not significantly influenced by the deficiency and/or excess dietary threonine levels, which indicated that the threonine-imbalance had no influence on the oxidative stress in juvenile blunt snout bream.…”

Use of Grain Distillers Dried Yeast in Practical Diets for Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

“…The dietary content of other essential AAs (Table ) such as arginine, methionine, and threonine also met the requirement of this species (Forster and Dominy ; Huai et al ; Zhou et al ; Zhou et al ). Ozorio et al () pointed out that dried yeast is deficient in sulfur AAs (cysteine and methionine).…”

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus

“…Some studies have confirmed that CAAs were utilized as efficiently as those of intact protein origin in meeting EAA requirement (Murai et al, 1987;Kim et al, 1991;Espe and Lied, 1994;Rodehutscord et al, 1995;Williams et al, 2001;Rollin et al, 2003;Espe et al, 2006;Xie et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2012Zhou et al, , 2013. Incorporation of purified amino acids into diets can also improve growth performances through their qualities of attraction and stimulation of feed intake.…”