Dietary therapies for adult and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Diet is an environmental exposure implicated in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Dietary therapy is also a tool for management of these conditions. Nutrition therapy for IBD has been shown to reduce intestinal inflammation, promote healing, and alleviate symptoms, as well as improve patients' nutrition status. Although the mechanisms of action of most nutrition therapies for IBD are not well understood, the diets are theorized to eliminate triggers for gut dysbiosis and mucosal immune dysfunction associated with the typical Western diet. Exclusive enteral nutrition and the Crohn's disease exclusion diet are increasingly being used as the primary treatment modality for the induction of remission and/or maintenance therapy in children, and in some adults, with CD. Several other diets, such as the Mediterranean diet, anti‐inflammatory diet for IBD, and diets excluding gluten, FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols), lactose, or other compounds, may be helpful in symptom management in both CD and UC, though evidence for biochemical efficacy is limited. In this review, we discuss the role of diet components in IBD pathogenesis and examine diets currently used in the management of children and adults with IBD. We also address practical, psychosocial, and cultural considerations for dietary therapy across diverse populations.

Are Internet Information Sources Helpful for Adult Crohn’s Disease Patients Regarding Nutritional Advice?

“…It is known that CD patients try different diets, such as a lactose-free diet or gluten-free diet or a low-FODMAP diet to improve the CD activity or even to achieve clinical remission. Actually, the CD elimination diet (CDED) is the only evidence-based diet considered for adult and pediatric CD patients [28,[43][44][45]. All other CD nutrition studies were too heterogeneous regarding the effects on CD activity.…”