Dietary supplements of whole linseed and vitamin E to increase levels of -linolenic acid and vitamin E in bovine milk

Deaville, E. R.; Givens, D. I.; Blake, Jonathan S.

doi:10.1051/animres:2003044

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, when the linseed oil amount was increased from zero to 1.5 and 3.0% of diet DM, the 18:3n-3 response in milk was not increased proportionally to the oil intake (Tab. 3), and increasing xylose-treated, whole cracked linseeds from 8 to 21% of the diet only slightly increased milk 18:3n-3 (10.5 g/100 g FA) [150].…”

Section: Linolenic Acid and Long-chain N-3 Famentioning

confidence: 86%

Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat

Chilliard

Glasser

Ferlay

et al. 2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

737

102

786

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Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fatThe potential to modify the milk fatty acid (FA) composition by changing the cow or goat diets is reviewed. Ruminal biohydrogenation (RBH), combined with mammary lipogenic and D-9 desaturation pathways, considerably modifies the profile of dietary FA and thus milk composition. The pasture has major effects by decreasing saturated FA and increasing FA considered as favorable for human health (c9-18:1, 18:3n-3 and c9t11-CLA), compared to winter diets, especially those based on maize silage and concentrates. Plant lipid supplements have effects similar to pasture, especially linseed, but they increase to a larger extent, simultaneously several trans isomers of 18:1 and, conjugated or non-conjugated 18:2, especially when added to maize silage or concentrate-rich diets. The goat responds better for milk 18:3n-3 and c9t11-CLA, and sometimes less for c9-18:1, and is less prone to the RBH trans-11 to trans-10 shift, which has been shown to be time dependent in the cow. The respective physiological roles of most milk trans FA have not been studied to date, and more studies in rodents and humans fed dairy products modified by changing ruminant diet are required before recommending a larger use of lipid sources and how to combine them with the different feeding systems used by dairy farmers.Keywords: Diet composition, biohydrogenation intermediates, mammary metabolism, fatty acid desaturation, milk fatty acids. 828 DOI 10.1002/ejlt.200700080 Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 109 (2007 IntroductionMilk fat secretion and milk fatty acid (FA) composition are of great interest with regard to human nutrition. Apart from their contribution to dairy products' sensorial quality and to the amount of dietary energy, different lipid and FA compounds (short-and medium-chain saturated, branched, mono-and polyunsaturated, cis and trans, conjugated FA, etc.) present in ruminant milk fat are indeed potentially positive or negative factors for the health of consumers [1][2][3].Dairy products provide indeed 25-60% of the overall saturated fat consumption in Europe, which makes them, since decades, a target of dieticians' criticism due to the negative effects of excessive consumption of saturated FA on human health [4]. The image of saturated FA should, however, be weighed by the fact that C 12 -C 16 saturated FA are thought to be atherogenic only when consumed in excessive amounts, that 18:0 has no atherogenic effect and that saturated fat could even be protective when compared to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet [5,6]. The allegedly atherogenic effect of certain trans monounsaturated FA (MUFA) [7] has not been confirmed for vaccenic acid (t11-18:1), the main isomer present in milk [8,9]. The intake of some trans isomers of 18:2 seems to be particularly harmful, although further research is needed to discriminate between industrial and ruminant isomer profiles [10]. In other respects, it has been shown in humans that the consumption of milk fat [11] could sometimes d...

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Section: Linolenic Acid and Long-chain N-3 Famentioning

confidence: 86%

Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat

Chilliard

Glasser

Ferlay

et al. 2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

737

102

786

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Earlier studies have demonstrated that whole or processed linseeds in the diet reduce milk protein output (Deaville et al, 2004;Akraim et al, 2007) because of reductions in both milk yield and milk protein content. In the present study, there was no change in milk protein concentration possibly owing to the relatively low linseed oil intake as compared with the earlier studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate with extruded linseeds on milk fatty acid composition in Jersey and Holstein cows

Kliem

Aikman

Humphries

et al. 2009

Animal

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Clinical and biomedical studies have provided evidence for the critical role of n-3 fatty acids on the reduction of chronic disease risk in humans, including cardiovascular disease. In the current experiment, the potential to enhance milk n-3 content in two breeds with inherent genetic differences in mammary lipogenesis and de novo fatty acid synthesis was examined using extruded linseeds. Six lactating cows (three Holstein and three Jersey) were used in a two-treatment switchback design with 3 3 21-day experimental periods to evaluate the effect of iso-energetic replacement of calcium salts of palm oil distillate (CPO) in the diet (34 g/kg dry matter (DM)) with 100 g/kg DM extruded linseeds (LIN). For both breeds, replacing CPO with LIN had no effect ( P . 0.05) on DM intake or milk yield, but reduced ( P , 0.05) milk fat and protein yield (on average, from 760 to 706 and 573 to 552 g/day, respectively). Relative to CPO, the LIN treatment reduced ( P , 0.01) total saturated fatty acid content and enhanced ( P , 0.001) 18:3n-3 in milk, whereas breed by diet interactions were significant for milk fat 16:0, total trans fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid concentrations. Increases in 18:3n-3 intake derived from LIN in the diet were transferred into milk with a mean marginal transfer efficiency of 1.8%. Proportionate changes in milk fatty acid composition were greater in the Jersey, highlighting the importance of diet-genotype interactions on mammary lipogenesis. More extensive studies are required to determine the role of genotype on milk fat composition responses to oilseeds in the diet.

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“…However, increases of milk α-linolenic acid have been modest except for in one study (Mele et al, 2007). Increasing the level of α-linolenic acid in milk from ruminants seems difficult because of the relatively low transfer rate of this FA from the diet into milk (Palmquist, 2006;Sanz-Sampelayo et al, 2007) and the dietary inclusion constraints necessary to avoid negative effects on rumen fermentation and milk yield (Deaville et al, 2004;Gonthier et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of extruded linseed supplementation on n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in milk and cheese from ewes

Gómez‐Cortés

Bach

Luna

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

119

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The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of extruded linseed on animal performance and fatty acid (FA) profile of ewe milk for the production of n-3 FA- and conjugated linoleic acid-enriched cheeses. A Manchega ewe flock (300 animals) receiving a 60:40 forage:concentrate diet was divided into 3 groups supplemented with 0, 6, and 12 g of extruded linseed/100 g of dry matter for the control, low, and high extruded linseed diets, respectively. Bulk and individual milk samples from 5 dairy ewes per group were monitored at 7, 14, 28, 45, and 60 d following supplementation. Manchego cheeses were made with bulk milk from the 3 treatment groups. Milk yield increased in dairy ewes receiving extruded linseed. Milk protein, fat, and total solids contents were not affected by linseed supplementation. Milk contents of alpha-linolenic acid increased from 0.36 with the control diet to 1.91% total FA with the high extruded linseed diet. Similarly, cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 rose from 0.73 to 2.33% and its precursor in the mammary gland, trans-11 C18:1, increased from 1.55 to 5.76% of total FA. This pattern occurred with no significant modification of the levels of trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10 cis-12 C18:2 FA. Furthermore, the high extruded linseed diet reduced C12:0 (-30%), C14:0 (-15%) and C16:0 (-28%), thus significantly diminishing the atherogenicity index of milk. The response to linseed supplementation was persistently maintained during the entire study. Acceptability attributes of n-3-enriched versus control cheeses ripened for 3 mo were not affected. Therefore, extruded linseed supplementation seems a plausible strategy to improve animal performance and nutritional quality of dairy lipids in milk and cheese from ewes.

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Dietary supplements of whole linseed and vitamin E to increase levels of -linolenic acid and vitamin E in bovine milk

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat

Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat

Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil distillate with extruded linseeds on milk fatty acid composition in Jersey and Holstein cows

Effects of extruded linseed supplementation on n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in milk and cheese from ewes

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