Cancer is a chronic disease of the genome that is influenced by nutritional factors at many stages of carcinogenesis, promotion and progression. A number of studies have demonstrated that dietary factors affect cancer risk. Previously these investigations have focused on macro-and micronutrients but more recent studies have explored the actions of non-nutritional phytochemicals and nutraceuticals. Investigations of the mechanisms of action of phytonutrients have led to pre-clinical studies with promising results. In the post-genomic era, the application of "omic" technologies provides further advances in nutraceutical research by utilizing integrative systems biology. In the future, well-designed clinical trials will help elucidate the role of nutraceuticals in the therapy and prevention of cancer and the role of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in cancer management.
Abbreviations
AICR