Dietary supplementation with yeast hydrolysate in pregnancy influences colostrum yield and gut microbiota of sows and piglets after birth

Abstract

Dietary supplementation with yeast derivatives (YD) contributes to the health and physiology of sows and piglets, but few studies have focused on how it influences gut health and performance of sows and piglets. The goal was therefore to examine whether YD, based on brewer’s yeast hydrolysate added to pregnancy diet, would affect colostrum composition, yield (CY) and gut microbiota of sows and piglets. Sows were allocated to either a control diet (n = 19) or a control diet supplemented with 2g YD/kg (n = 18) during the pregnancy. Piglets suckling belonging to the control sows (n = 114) and supplemented sows (n = 108) were also included in the study. Gut microbiota populations of sows at farrowing and piglets at one and four weeks of age were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Colostrum samples were examined for nutritional composition and immunoglobulin (Ig) content. All piglets were individually weighed at birth and 24 hours later in order to calculate CY, and later at four weeks to calculate average daily gain (ADG). Protein, lactose and dry matter content of colostrum did not significantly differ between the two groups, while sows fed YD had higher levels of fat in their colostrum (P < 0.05). Immunoglobulin A, IgM and IgG levels in colostrum did not differ between the two groups (P >0.05). Colostrum yield was lower in the control than that in YD group (3701g vs. 4581 g; P <0.05). Although the YD supplementation did not change fecal bacteria diversity in sow, more beneficial and fermentative bacteria (Roseburia, Paraprevotella, Eubacterium) were found in the YD fed group (P <0.01) while, some opportunistic pathogens, including Proteobacteria, especially the genera Desulfovibrio, Escherichia/Shigella and Helicobacter, were suppressed. Piglets at one week of age from sows fed YD had more beneficial microbial populations with significant diversity and fewer opportunistic pathogens. Additionally, we established a Pearson’s correlations between CY, colostrum components, piglet birth weight and fecal microbiota. Therefore, YD added to the sow diet during pregnancy increases colostrum availability and its energy content for neonate piglets, also promoting beneficial maternal microbial sources for neonate.

Live yeast supplementation during late gestation and lactation affects reproductive performance, colostrum and milk composition, blood biochemical and immunological parameters of sows

“…Interestingly, maternal LY supplementation decreased the number of stillborn piglets and low BW piglets, a possible explanation could be that the probiotic microorganisms can positively modulate the gut microbial communities, and thereby improve the health status of sows ( Chaucheyras-Durand and Durand, 2009 , Musa et al., 2009 ). A recent study reported that yeast supplementation to sows during gestation and lactation could improve the relative abundance of beneficial and fermentative bacteria ( Paraprevotella , Roseburia , and Eubacterium ) and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Proteobacteria in sows ( Hasan et al., 2018 ). In addition, studies have shown that gut microbiota impact significantly on the relative composition and abundance of bile acids across multiple body compartments, and an elevation of serum bile acids shows a significantly increased risk for intrauterine fetal death ( Geenes et al., 2014 , Rezai et al., 2015 , Swann et al., 2011 ).…”

Effect of live yeast supplementation to gestating sows and nursery piglets on postweaning growth performance and nutrient digestibility

“…Studies in humans found that microbes that are stimulated by probiotic supplementation during pregnancy could be transferred to the neonatal GIT (Sanz, 2011). A recent study (Hasan et al, 2018) reported that yeast supplementation to sows during gestation and lactation could increase the relative abundance of beneficial and fermentative bacteria (Roseburia, Paraprevotella, and Eubacterium) and suppress pathogens such as Proteobacteria in sows. With yeast supplementation, the fecal microbiome in piglets at 1-wk age was more diverse with more beneficial microbial population and less opportunistic pathogens.…”

Effects of hydrolyzed yeast supplementation on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and microbial shedding in weaning pigs

“…Furthermore, improvements in intestinal mucosal structure and nutrient digestibility were reported for weaning pigs fed 1.2 g/kg of a mixture of yeast cells and cell walls [ 6 ]. Similarly, growth performance and populations of beneficial bacteria improved with diets supplemented with 2 g/kg of HY, in lactating sows [ 9 ]. Moreover, Tuoi et al .…”