Dietary supplementation with olive mill wastewaters induces modifications on chicken jejunum epithelial cell transcriptome and modulates jejunum morphology

Abstract

BackgroundThe Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthier food habits and olive oil is one of its key components. Olive oil polyphenols are known to induce beneficial effects in several pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and to contrast the proliferation of cancer cells or hypercholesterolemia. Polyphenols are also present in waste products derived from the olive industry: olive mill wastewaters (OMWW) are rich in polyphenols and there is an increasing interest in using OMWW in animal nutrition. OMWW are attributed with positive effects in promoting chicken performance and the quality of food-derived products. However, a tissue-specific transcriptome target analysis of chickens fed with OMWW has never been attempted.ResultsWe explored the effect of dietary OMWW on the intestinal function in broilers. A morphological analysis of the jejunum revealed that OMWW reduced crypt depth, whereas no significant modifications were observed for villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio. An RNA Sequencing analysis was performed on isolated, intestinal, epithelial cells and 280 differentially expressed genes were found using a count-based approach. An enrichment analysis revealed that the majority of up regulated genes in the OMWW group were over-represented by the regulation of viral genome replication-related GO-Terms, whereas down regulated genes were mainly involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism.ConclusionsOur study showed how an industrial waste product can be recycled as a feed additive with a positive relapse. OMWW dietary supplementation can be a nutritional strategy to improve chicken performance and health, prevent intestinal damage, enhance innate immunity and regulate cholesterol metabolism and fat deposition.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4962-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Temporal and region-specific effects of sleep fragmentation on gut microbiota and intestinal morphology in Sprague Dawley rats

“…Enlarged crypt depth is indicative of increased turnover of intestinal epithelium in response to tissue damage. [50][51][52] In addition, structural changes were noted in both the cecum and proximal colon as the number of crypts increased with chronic SF. Currently, not much is known regarding the effect of increased crypts.…”

Effects on Intestinal Mucosal Morphology, Productive Parameters and Microbiota Composition after Supplementation with Fermented Defatted Alperujo (FDA) in Laying Hens

“…In addition, the phenols and polyphenols contained in olive oil by-products have antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria like Campylobacter spp. [8,[10][11][12].…”

Nutrigenomics in livestock—recent advances

“…Olive mill wastewater-a waste product obtained during olive oil extraction-is rich in polyphenols and has already been used in chicken feeding. Its effect on the transcriptome profile of jejunum has also been investigated by Sabino et al (2018b), who found that, in epithelial cells of the jejunum, 280 genes were differentially expressed in birds fed the experimental diet. The downregulated genes were mostly associated with the PPAR signaling pathway, with steroid biosynthesis, and with lipid metabolisms; the upregulated genes were involved in the regulation of viral processes (such as viral replication and viral regulation of the life cycle).…”