Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids suppresses interleukin-2 production and mononuclear cell proliferation

Endres, Stefan; Meydani, Simin Nikbin; Ghorbani, R; Schindler, Ralf; Dinarello, Charles A.

doi:10.1002/jlb.54.6.599

Cited by 214 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…It is possible that the concentration of oleic acid in the sunflower seed oil placebo (35%) was sufficient to provide some symptomatic relief. It has been reported that olive oil (68% oleic acid) does appear to benefit RA patients (20)(21)(22). In the GLA-treated group, the tender joint count, which was the primary outcome measure, was significantly better than at baseline and than in the placebo group at 6 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gamma‐linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Zurier

Rossetti

Jacobson

et al. 1996

Arthritis & Rheumatism

184

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Objective. To assess the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of γ‐linolenic acid (GLA), a plant seed oil‐derived unsaturated fatty acid that suppresses inflammation and joint tissue injury in animal models, in the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Fifty‐six patients with active RA were randomized to treatment groups in a 6‐month, double‐blind trial of GLA versus placebo. This was followed by a 6‐month, single‐blind trial during which all patients received GLA. Patients were treated with 2.8 gm/day of GLA as the free fatty acid or with sunflower seed oil (placebo) administered in identical capsules. Results. Treatment with GLA for 6 months resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant reductions in the signs and symptoms of disease activity in patients with RA. Overall meaningful responses (at least 25% improvement in 4 measures) were also better in the GLA treatment group (14 of 22 patients versus 4 of 19 in the placebo group; P = 0.015). During the second 6 months, both groups exhibited improvement in disease activity. Thus, patients taking GLA during the entire study showed progressive improvement during the second 6 months. In this group, 16 of 21 patients showed meaningful improvement at 12 months compared with study entry. Conclusion. GLA at doses used in this study is a well‐tolerated and effective treatment for active RA. GLA is available as a component of several plant seed oils and is usually taken in far lower doses than were used in this trial. It is not approved in the United States for the treatment of any condition, and should not be viewed as therapy for any disease. Further controlled studies of its use in RA are warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gamma‐linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Zurier

Rossetti

Jacobson

et al. 1996

Arthritis & Rheumatism

184

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“…Other studies on fish oil and inflammation provide conflicting results. In healthy volunteers, increasing fish oil intake suppressed the in vitro synthesis of interleukin-2, interleukin1b, interleukin-1a, and tumor necrosis factor-a (Endres et al, 1989(Endres et al, , 1993. However, placebo-controlled studies found that fish oil does not affect ex vivo cytokine production (Blok et al, 1997) or the functional activity of neutrophils, monocytes, or lymphocytes in healthy humans (Kew et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of n-3 fatty acids from fish does not lower serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects

et al. 2004

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Objective: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular risk. We hypothesised that n-3 fatty acids reduce underlying inflammatory processes and consequently CRP concentrations in healthy middle-aged subjects. Design: Placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Subjects: A total of 43 men and 41 postmenopausal women aged 50-70 y. Before and after intervention, we measured serum CRP concentrations with an enzyme immunoassay. Interventions: Capsules with either 3.5 g/day fish oil (1.5 g/day n-3 fatty acids) or placebo for 12 weeks. Results: The median CRP change in the fish oil group did not significantly differ from that in the placebo group (0.01 vs À0.17 mg/l, P ¼ 0.057). Conclusion:The currently available data -including ours-do not support that beneficial effects on CRP are involved in a mechanism explaining the protective effect on heart disease risk of n-3 fatty acids as present in fish.

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“…Parmentier et al (1997) showed that antibody responses to different antigens were decreased by dietary n-3 PUFA. In addition, consuming n-3 PUFA resulted in a reduction in the production of cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumour necrosis factor-a, which are important in cellmediated and inflammatory immune responses (Endres et al, 1993). Likewise, Korver and Klasing (1997) reported that fish oil suppresses the release of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor-a in chicken.…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian follicular development, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immune response in laying hens fed fish oil-supplemented diets to produce n-3-enriched eggs

Ebeid

Eid

Saleh

et al. 2008

Animal

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The objective of the present study was to research the effect of feeding laying hens fish oil-supplemented diets to produce n-3-enriched eggs on their ovarian follicular development, serum lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immune response. A total of 105 white Bovens hens at 24 weeks of age were housed in cages in an open-sided building under a 16 h light : 8 h dark lighting schedule. Birds were randomly divided into five treatments and were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 0% (control), 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.5% or 5.0% fish oil from 24 to 36 weeks of age. Egg production and weight were recorded. By weeks 35 and 36 of age 15 eggs were taken at random from each treatment to determine the yolk lipid profile and cholesterol content. At the end of the experimental period, 10 females from each treatment were randomly chosen, anaesthetised and killed by decapitation. Ovary and oviduct samples were immediately weighted and ovarian follicles were classified. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), hepatic TBARS and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured. No clear trend was observed concerning egg production and egg yolk cholesterol. As dietary fish oil levels increased, n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) increased, whereas n-6 PUFA tended to decrease in yolk lipids. No negative effects were detected in ovary and oviduct weights, expressed in both absolute terms and relative to body weight. The numbers and total weights of large yellow follicles (LYF) in the ovary were not significantly affected by fish oil supplementation. Low levels (1.25% to 2.5%) of fish oil reduced both plasma and hepatic TBARS and enhanced GSH-Px activity. It is also interesting to note that inclusion of 2.5% fish oil in laying hen diets enhanced the antibody titre in laying hens. Therefore, it could be concluded that inclusion of fish oil in laying hen diets at moderate levels increased the n-3 fatty acids content in eggs, improved antioxidative status, enhanced the antibody response and did not have a negative influence on the different reproductive morphology parameters in laying hens.

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Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids suppresses interleukin-2 production and mononuclear cell proliferation

Cited by 214 publications

References 0 publications

Gamma‐linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Gamma‐linolenic acid treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

Intake of n-3 fatty acids from fish does not lower serum concentrations of C-reactive protein in healthy subjects

Ovarian follicular development, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immune response in laying hens fed fish oil-supplemented diets to produce n-3-enriched eggs

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