Dietary supplementation with <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and xylo-oligosaccharides improves growth performance and intestinal morphology and alters intestinal microbiota and metabolites in weaned piglets

Ding, Hao; Xitao, Zhao; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Ma, Cui; Gao, Qiankun; He, Jianhua; Kong, Xiangfeng

doi:10.1039/d1fo00208b

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria , and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in the ileum and colon of piglets at the phylum level, as these phyla are the predominant in the swine gastrointestinal tract ( 27 , 28 ). Meanwhile, Firmicutes abundance was increased and Bacteroidetes was decreased in the ileum and colon of piglets after the FCR supplementation in piglet's diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets Partially Replaced With Cassava Residue Modulate Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs

Azad

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Agricultural by-products have been identified as potential feed resources in animal production. The present study investigated the effects of cassava residue (CR) or fermented CR (FCR) on antioxidant capacity, immunity, gut barrier functions, and lipid metabolism in pigs. A total of 120 healthy Huanjiang mini-piglets were assigned into three groups, including control group (basal diet), CR group (basal diet + 5% CR), and FCR group (basal diet + 5% FCR). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed that, dietary CR or FCR supplementation increased the jejunal catalase (CAT, P = 0.063) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, P < 0.05) levels and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD, P < 0.05) level while decreased (P = 0.077) ileal malondialdehyde (MDA) level, when compared with the control group. Dietary CR supplementation increased intestinal SOD and hepatic GSH-Px levels, whereas decreased jejunal and hepatic MDA levels (P < 0.05). Dietary CR supplementation increased the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the intestine and liver, as well as jejunal interleukin (IL)-10, ileal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and hepatic interferon (IFN)-γ, whereas dietary CR or FCR supplementation decreased the jejunal IL-1β level and increased hepatic IL-10 level (P < 0.05). In the intestinal microbiota analysis, dietary CR or FCR supplementation enhanced the colonic α-diversity and ileal Actinobacteria abundance, whereas decreased ileal Verrucomicrobia and colonic Tenericutes abundances (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary FCR supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes abundances in the ileum and colon, whereas CR supplementation increased Escherichia-Shigella and decreased Terisporobacter abundances in the ileum (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary CR or FCR supplementation up-regulated (P < 0.05) the gene expressions related to gut barrier functions of piglets. However, dietary CR supplementation showed negative impacts on hepatic lipid metabolism by up-regulating the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis and triglyceride and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, dietary CR or FCR supplementation can maintain the health of piglets by increasing antioxidant capacity, gut barrier function, and altering the intestinal microbiota composition, but CR supplementation may increase the potential risk of abnormal lipid metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets Partially Replaced With Cassava Residue Modulate Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs

Azad

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Similarly, a dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg XOS also increased final BW and ADG in nursery pigs, while ADFI and FCR were not affected ( 12 ). Additionally, a dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg XOS markedly increased ADG and ADFI for weaning piglets ( 25 ). The difference between our findings and previous reports might be attributable to the dosage of XOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The High Level of Xylooligosaccharides Improves Growth Performance in Weaned Piglets by Increasing Antioxidant Activity, Enhancing Immune Function, and Modulating Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the high level of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, antioxidant capability, immune function, and fecal microbiota in weaning piglets. The results showed that 28 d body weight exhibited linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary XOS level, as well as average daily feed intake (ADFI) on d 15–28, average daily gain (ADG) on d 15–28 and 1–28. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) between XOS levels and feed conversion rate (FCR) on d 1–14 and 1–28. Additionally, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) showed a linear increase (P < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level decreased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05) with the increasing dietary level of XOS. Moreover, the XOS treatments markedly increased the levels of immunoglobulin A (Ig A) (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P < 0.05), IgM (quadratic, P < 0.05), IgG (linear, P < 0.05), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) (quadratic, P < 0.05) in serum, while the IL-1β (linear, P < 0.05; quadratic, P < 0.05) and IL-6 (linear, P < 0.05) decreased with increasing level of XOS. Microbiota analysis showed that dietary supplementation with 1.5% XOS decreased (P < 0.05) the α-diversity and enriched (P < 0.05) beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Fusicatenibacter at the genus level, compared with the control group. Importantly, linearly increasing responses (P < 0.05) to fecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were observed with increasing level of XOS. Spearman correlation analyses found that Lactobacillus abundance was positively correlated with ADG, acetate, propionate, and IgA (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with IL-1β (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterium abundance was positively related with ADFI, total SCFAs, IgG, and IL-10 (P < 0.05), as well as g_Fusicatenibacter abundance with ADFI, total SCFAs, and IL-10. However, Bifidobacterium and Fusicatenibacter abundances were negatively associated with MDA levels (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with XOS can improve the growth performance in weaning piglets by increasing antioxidant capability, enhancing immune function, and promoting beneficial bacteria counts.

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“…In addition, some bacterial species of the intestinal microbiota of IUGR pig, such as Lactobacillus , showed a negative correlation with the growth performance, while Unclassified _ Ruminococcaceae was positively correlated [ 5 ]. Colon harbors the largest concentration of bacteria in mammals, including pigs, and these bacteria produce a variety of metabolites, which play an important role in the host physiology and pathophysiology, notably in the large intestine [ 6 ], but also in the development of metabolic disease [ 7 ]. Recent studies showed that IUGR altered several bacterial metabolites with known biological activities, including short-chain fatty acids, bile acid derivatives, and indole derivatives [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives

Liu

Azad

Zhang

et al. 2022

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with severely impaired nutrient metabolism and intestinal development of pigs. Our previous study found that IUGR altered intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the colon. However, the consequences of IUGR on bile acid metabolism in pigs remained unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the bile acid metabolism in the liver and the profile of bile acid derivatives in the colon of growing pigs with IUGR using bile acid targeted metabolomics. Furthermore, we determined correlations between colonic microbiota composition and metabolites of IUGR and normal birth weight (NBW) pigs at different growth stages that were 7, 21, and 28-day-old, and the average body weight (BW) of 25, 50, and 100 kg of the NBW pigs. Results The results showed that the plasma total bile acid concentration was higher (P < 0.05) at the 25 kg BW stage and tended to increase (P = 0.08) at 28-day-old in IUGR pigs. The hepatic gene expressions related to bile acid synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1, and NTCP) were up-regulated (P < 0.05), and the genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism (ATGL, HSL, and PC) were down-regulated (P < 0.05) at the 25 kg BW stage in IUGR pigs when compared with the NBW group. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that 29 bile acids and related compounds were detected in the colon of pigs. The colonic concentrations of dehydrolithocholic acid and apocholic acid were increased (P < 0.05), while isodeoxycholic acid and 6,7-diketolithocholic acid were decreased (P < 0.05) in IUGR pigs, when compared with the NBW pigs at the 25 kg BW stage. Moreover, Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that colonic Unclassified_[Mogibacteriaceae], Lachnospira, and Slackia abundances were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with dehydrolithocholic acid, as well as the Unclassified_Clostridiaceae abundance with 6,7-diketolithocholic acid at the 25 kg BW stage. Conclusions These findings suggest that IUGR could affect bile acid and glucolipid metabolism in growing pigs, especially at the 25 kg BW stage, these effects being paralleled by a modification of bile acid derivatives concentrations in the colonic content. The plausible links between these modified parameters are discussed.

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Dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis and xylo-oligosaccharides improves growth performance and intestinal morphology and alters intestinal microbiota and metabolites in weaned piglets

Abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial community, and metabolites of...

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Diets Partially Replaced With Cassava Residue Modulate Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs

Diets Partially Replaced With Cassava Residue Modulate Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid Metabolism, and Gut Barrier Function of Huanjiang Mini-Pigs

The High Level of Xylooligosaccharides Improves Growth Performance in Weaned Piglets by Increasing Antioxidant Activity, Enhancing Immune Function, and Modulating Gut Microbiota

Intrauterine growth retardation affects liver bile acid metabolism in growing pigs: effects associated with the changes of colonic bile acid derivatives

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