Dietary supplementation with flaxseed mucilage alone or in combination with calcium in dogs: effects on apparent digestibility of fat and energy and fecal characteristics

Nybroe, S; Astrup, Arne; Bjørnvad, Charlotte Reinhard

doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.139

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Higher inclusions of moderate to low fermentable fiber can decrease total-tract nutrient digestibility [ 25 ]. Indeed, dietary supplementation of flaxseed has been observed to decrease apparent nutrient digestibility in dogs and humans [ 26 , 27 ]. Oil-removed flaxseed (linseed cake) fed up to 8% in extruded diets fed to adult working Alaskan huskies resulted in linear decreases in OM, fat, neutral detergent fiber, nitrogen-free extract, and crude carbohydrates digestibility, and increased fecal dry matter and total wet fecal output [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Ground Flaxseed Increases Serum Alpha-Linolenic Acid Concentrations in Adult Cats

Panasevich¹,

Daristotle²,

Yamka

et al. 2022

Animals

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We evaluated effects of dietary ground flaxseed on fecal and serum alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) concentrations, nutrient digestibility, and stool quality in female and male adult cats (n = 20 (8 males, 12 females); 3.95 ± 1.49 years of age (mean ± SD); 3.88 ± 0.82 kg BW). We hypothesized that adding ground flaxseed would increase serum ALA compared with feeding no flax, without changing nutrient digestibility. Cats were fed as-is 2.6% added-flaxseed (flax, n = 10) or no-flax (control, n = 10) diets (2.66 vs. 0.78% ALA of total fatty acids; crude protein 35%, fat 20%, fiber 3% as-fed) twice daily to maintain body weight for 28 days. Fecal collections were conducted on days 23–27 for total-tract nutrient digestibility, stool quality (scale 1–5; 1 = watery diarrhea, 5 = hard, dry, crumbly) and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) analyses. Blood was collected on days 0, 14, and 28 for serum LCFA and chemistry analysis. Digestibility and fecal data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4, Cary, NC, USA) and a repeated measures ANOVA for serum ALA. Flax-fed cats, compared with control-fed, had greater (p < 0.05) serum ALA after 14 days (4.00 vs. 0.71 µg/mL) and 28 days (7.83 and 3.67 µg/mL). No differences were observed in stool quality, and dry matter, protein, fat, and ALA digestibility. However, metabolizable energy was greater in the flax vs. control diet (4.18 vs. 3.91 kcal/g; p < 0.05). Overall, these data demonstrate that ground flaxseed added to cat diets increases serum ALA within 14 days, with no detriments to nutrient digestibility. We conclude that flaxseed can be used as a bioavailable source of ALA in cat diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Ground Flaxseed Increases Serum Alpha-Linolenic Acid Concentrations in Adult Cats

Panasevich¹,

Daristotle²,

Yamka

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Recently described as a new model for the study of carbohydrate metabolism and cell wall properties (Arsovski et al, 2010; Haughn and Western, 2012; Francoz et al, 2015), seed coat mucilage research and its applications for commercial use, like in foaming agents, pet food product design or fabrication of nanofibers (Nybroe et al, 2016; Hadad and Goli, 2018; Kaur et al, 2018), are in part hampered by the fact that the relationships between the mucilage secretory cell (MSC) internal organization, the mucilage chemical composition and the events leading to its extrusion are poorly known. Functional analysis of mucilage biosynthesis and extrusion process are mainly focused on Arabidopsis mutants at the expense of other under-exploited genetic resources such as natural variants and other species like Plantago (North et al, 2014; Phan et al, 2016; Voiniciuc et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytological Approaches Combined With Chemical Analysis Reveals the Layered Nature of Flax Mucilage

et al. 2019

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The external seed coat cell layer of certain species is specialized in the production and extrusion of a polysaccharide matrix called mucilage. Variations in the content of the released mucilage have been mainly associated with genetically regulated physiological modifications. Understanding the mucilage extrusion process in crop species is of importance to gain deeper insight into the complex cell wall biosynthesis and dynamics. In this study, we took advantage of the varying polysaccharide composition and the size of the flax mucilage secretory cells (MSCs) to study mucilage composition and extrusion in this species of agricultural interest. We demonstrate herein that flax MSCs are structured in four superimposed layers and that rhamnogalacturonans I (RG I) are firstly synthesized, in the upper face, preceding arabinoxylan and glucan synthesis in MSC lower layers. Our results also reveal that the flax mucilage release originates from inside MSC, between the upper and deeper layers, the latter collaborating to trigger polysaccharide expansion, radial cell wall breaking and mucilage extrusion in a peeling fashion. Here, we provide evidence that the layer organization and polysaccharide composition of the MSCs regulate the mucilage release efficiency like a peeling mechanism. Finally, we propose that flax MSCs may represent an excellent model for further investigations of mucilage biosynthesis and its release.

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“…The test diet did not impact protein, energy, or fat digestibilities, which is consistent with findings in Labrador retriever [ 27 ]. Furthermore, Labrador retrievers showed no effect of a high Ca diet on lipid metabolites over a 4 h post-prandial time course [ 61 ], which is in contrast to findings where Ca was combined with flaxseed mucilage [ 62 ] or in other species [ 63 , 64 , 65 ] where high Ca intake can reduce fat digestibility due to the formation of insoluble fatty acid soaps. Reduced fat absorption could also impact BW and body composition; however, no difference in BW or diet intake were found between diet group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks

Atwal¹,

Stockman²,

Gilham³

et al. 2021

Animals

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The implications of long-term high calcium (Ca) intake are well documented in growing dogs and in adult dogs of large breed size, however, the consequences on other breeds and breed sizes are yet to be determined. Eighteen neutered adult beagles, nine males and nine females aged 1.4–4.4 years, were randomized to control or test diets providing in g∙4184 kJ−1 (1000 kcal−1): 1.44 and 7.19 total Ca balanced with 1.05 and 4.25 total phosphorus, respectively, for 40 weeks. Health parameters, ultrasound scans, radiographs, glomerular filtration rate, and mineral balance were measured at eight-week intervals. All dogs remained healthy with no measured evidence of orthopedic, urinary, or renal disease. The test diet resulted in a 5.2 fold increase in fecal Ca excretion. Apparent Ca digestibility (%) and Ca balance (g/d) did not significantly (p > 0.05) change from baseline in the test diet group, although dogs displayed a positive Ca balance (maximum at week 8, 1.11 g/d with 95% CI (0.41, 1.80)) before a neutral Ca balance was restored at week 32. Despite an initial positive Ca balance, we can conclude that no measurable adverse health effects were observed as a result of the test diet fed in this study in beagles over a period of 40 weeks.

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Dietary supplementation with flaxseed mucilage alone or in combination with calcium in dogs: effects on apparent digestibility of fat and energy and fecal characteristics

Cited by 16 publications

References 45 publications

Dietary Ground Flaxseed Increases Serum Alpha-Linolenic Acid Concentrations in Adult Cats

Dietary Ground Flaxseed Increases Serum Alpha-Linolenic Acid Concentrations in Adult Cats

Cytological Approaches Combined With Chemical Analysis Reveals the Layered Nature of Flax Mucilage

No Observed Adverse Effects on Health Were Detected in Adult Beagle Dogs When Fed a High-Calcium Diet for 40 Weeks

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