Dietary supplementation with astaxanthin enhances anti-tumor immune response and aids the enhancement of molecularly targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Astaxanthin promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment and elevated the levels of Granzyme B. In addition, astaxanthin regulated the intestinal flora composition of tumor-bearing mice.

Astaxanthin slows down skeletal muscle atrophy in H22 tumor-bearing mice during sorafenib treatment by modulating the gut microbiota

“…The differential microorganisms in the intestinal flora of mice following fecal transplants were similar to those observed in our previous experiments. 10,17 These results suggest that these bacteria may be key genera for astaxanthin-targeted regulation. Additionally, we established a correlation between these distinct microorganisms and significantly varied metabolites in the serum of mice with tumors following cecal transplants.…”

“…11 Furthermore, astaxanthin had a notable impact on the composition of the intestinal flora in H22 mice. 10 Recent studies have shown that intestinal flora are essential for maintaining the body's physiological homeostasis. 22 Hence, we propose that astaxanthin primarily acts on the intestinal flora to alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer-associated cachexia.…”

“…9 Our initial investigation indicates that dietary astaxanthin has a synergistic effect in enhancing the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma properties of the molecularly targeted drug sorafenib. 10 In addition, astaxanthin slowed down skeletal muscle atrophy and weight loss in tumor-bearing mice during sorafenib treatment. 11 It is noteworthy that we also detected significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in mice who received astaxanthin supplementation.…”

“…11 It is noteworthy that we also detected significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in mice who received astaxanthin supplementation. 10 Numerous studies in recent years have revealed that gut microbiota plays a key role in cancer-associated skeletal muscle atrophy. 12 Nevertheless, the current understanding about the potential of astaxanthin in slowing down skeletal muscle atrophy during sorafenib treatment through direct modulation of the intestinal microbiota remains uncertain.…”

Astaxanthin Ameliorates Worsened Muscle Dysfunction of MDX Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet through Reducing Lipotoxicity and Regulating Gut Microbiota

“…LefSE analysis identified that Akkermansia was the only bacteria with a relative abundance change exceeding 1% in the AX group compared to the HFD group. Numerous studies had reported a growth of Akkermansia following AX supplementation [ 37 , 38 , 62 ]. A decreased abundance of Akkermansia was associated with various diseases such as obesity, diabetes and liver steatosis, while Akkermansia supplementation exhibited anti-obesity effects and improve metabolic disorders induced by HFD [ 63 , 64 ].…”