Dietary supplementation of organic selenium improves growth, survival, antioxidant and immune status of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, juveniles

Optimum selenium levels in diets high in plant‐based feedstuffs for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings

“…Elevation of selenium up to 1.70 mg Se/kg significantly up-regulated hepatic expression of cat denoting an increased oxidative stress associated with growth reduction in this fish. These results are in agreement with the increased cat activity associated with high Se levels in common carp (fed Se nanoparticles or a commercial diet, Ashouri et al, 2015;Elia et al, 2011), meagre (fed selenium yeast, Mansour et al, 2017), goldfish (Carasius orates exposed to Se, Choi et al, 2015) and in vitro rainbow trout hepatocytes (Misra et al, 2012). Indeed, oxidative stress is one of the main causes of TA B L E 3 Survival (%), standard length (cm), body weight (g), weight gain, SGR (%) and TGC (‰) along the trial of gilthead sea bream fed increasing dietary Se levels for 42 days (means ± SD, n = 3) Se toxicity (Hauser-Davis et al, 2016) and has been related to its capacity to oxidize thiols in protein formation or create Se metabolites that originate reactive oxygen species (Berntssen et al, 2017).…”

“…Indeed, regulations for Se supplementation in feeds for certain fish species may be below the levels considered as required, such is the case of fast‐growing species such as cobia ( Rachycentron canadum ), malabar grouper ( Epinephelus malabaricus ), meagre ( Argyrosomus regius ) or yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi ), fast‐growing species that require 0.79–0.81, 0.90–0.98, 3.98 and 4.91–7.37 mg Se/kg, respectively (Le & Fotedar, , ; Lin, ; Liu, Wang, Ai, Mai, & Zhang, ; Mansour, Goda, Omar, Khalil, & Esteban, ). Other species do not require Se supplementation, as cutthroat trout ( Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri ; Hardy, Oram, & Möller, ), but most species typically require between 0.12 and 1.85 mg Se/kg.…”

“…Unlike the more ubiquitous gpx , catalases are located in peroxisomes, where they protect these organelles from the hydrogen peroxide released as byproduct of the β‐oxidation of fatty acids that takes place in peroxisomes (Di Giulio & Meyer, ). Expression of catalase ( cat ) can be used to evaluate oxidative status, and high doses of Se have been observed to increase its activity in several fish species (Ashouri et al, ; Elia, Prearo, Pacini, Dörr, & Abete, ; Mansour et al, ; Misra, Hamilton, & Niyogi, ; Penglase, Hamre, Rasinger, & Ellingsen, ). Oxidative stress may also alter transcription factors, such as glucocorticoid receptors ( gr ; Di Giulio & Meyer, ; Esposito, Cuccovillo, Morra, Russo, & Cimino, ; Olsvik, Torstensen, Hemre, Sanden, & Waagbø, ), which are zinc‐finger‐containing proteins, and as such are susceptible to inhibition by reducible Se compounds (with oxidation state of −I or higher) in which sodium selenite is included (oxidation state +IV; Blessing, Kraus, Heindl, Bal, & Hartwig, ).…”

“…Indeed, regulations for Se supplementation in feeds for certain fish species may be below the levels considered as required, such is the case of fast-growing species such as cobia (Rachycentron canadum), malabar grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus), meagre (Argyrosomus regius) or yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi), fast-growing species that require 0.79-0.81, 0.90-0.98, 3.98 and 4.91-7.37 mg Se/kg, respectively (Le & Fotedar, 2014a, 2014bLin, 2014;Liu, Wang, Ai, Mai, & Zhang, 2010;Mansour, Goda, Omar, Khalil, & Esteban, 2017 Ashouri, Keyvanshokooh, Salati, Johari, & Pasha-Zanoosi, 2015;Liu et al, 2018;Zhu et al, 2016), hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis; Jaramillo, Peng, & Gatlin, 2009) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoide; Zhu et al, 2012) have the highest ones. As for sparids, requirements for red (Pagrus major) and black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), species phylogenetically closely related to gilthead sea bream, were 1.34 mg Se/kg (Dawood et al, 2018) and 0.86 mg Se/kg (Wang et al, 2019), whereas optimum Se dietary levels for gilthead sea bream are not accurately determined yet.…”

Interactive effects of dietary Nano selenium and vitamin E on growth, haematology, innate immune responses, antioxidant status and muscle composition of rainbow trout under high rearing density

“…In the pacu fish ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ), dietary Se supplementation (1.15 mg organic Se kg −1 diet) for 65 days decreased oxidative stress and improved the production of antioxidant enzymes, as well as immune responses (Takahashi et al, ). Similarly, Mansour, Goda, Omar, Khalil, and Esteban () demonstrated that Se yeast supplementation in fish diet reduced the oxidative stress and improved humoral and cellular immune responses. The antioxidant function of vitamin E has previously been observed in various fish species (Ghanei Motlagh, Baghishani, Shahsavani, & Ghodrati Azadi, ; Naderi, Keyvanshokooh, Salati, & Ghaedi, ; Tocher et al, ; Zhao et al, ).…”