Dietary supplementation of host‐associated lactic acid bacteria modulates growth, metabolic activities, and immune‐related gene expression in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the dietary effects of host‐associated lactic acid bacteria on growth performance, metabolic enzyme activities, and immune response of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles. To formulate the test diets, a control (Con) diet was supplemented with a commercial probiotic and three host‐derived bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (EC), Lactococcus lactis I (LC‐I), and L. lactis II (LC‐II), which were previously isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of adult individuals of M. rosenbergii. Juvenile M. rosenbergii (0.65 ± 0.008 g) were randomly stocked at 20 individuals/100 L of fiberglass tanks with three replications for each test diet. After 50 days, juveniles fed the diets LC‐I and LC‐II showed significantly higher (p < .05) weight gain, specific growth rate, and the lowest feed conversion ratio. The analyses of glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase in muscle and hepatopancreas revealed significantly (p < .05) reduced values in LC‐I fed juveniles. The total hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity were significantly increased (p < .05) in LC‐I and LC‐II fed juveniles. The relative mRNA expression patterns of immune‐related α2‐M, LGBP, ProPO, Cu, Zn‐SOD, TG, PE, AKP, and ACP genes were significantly (p < .05) upregulated in juveniles fed with LC‐I followed by the diet LC‐II. Finally, the study suggests that the growth performance and immune response of M. rosenbergii can be improved through supplementation of host‐associated L. lactis bacteria for its higher production.

Utilisation of probiotics for disease management in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): Administration methods, antagonistic effects and immune response

“…Most immunomodulatory investigations in prawns have employed probiotic mixes and culture collections from commercial sources (Azad et al, 2019;Dash et al, 2016;Gupta et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2019). Supplementing diets with host-associated microbiota, such as Enterococcus faecalis, L. lactis I and L. lactis II, isolated from the intestine of giant freshwater prawns, enhanced the innate immunity of prawns with a significant increase in total haemocyte counts and phenoloxidase activity when compared to the control group (Kader et al, 2021). Similarly, supplementing diets with potential probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus sp.…”

“…Similarly, supplementing diets with potential probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus sp. and E. faecalis , isolated from M. rosenbergii's digestive tract, improved cellular immunity with significantly higher levels of small granular haemocytes and non‐granular haemocyte counts than prawns fed with non‐supplemented diets (Ahmmed et al, 2020; Kader et al, 2021; Sumon et al, 2018; Vidhya Hindu et al, 2018). Bacillus NL110 and Vibrio NE17 applied as probiotics in the feed and rearing water of freshwater prawns resulted in significant improvements in immune indices, including total haemocyte counts, phenoloxidase activity and respiratory burst (2021).…”

“…This field of research regarding the modulation of gene transcription via probiotics in freshwater prawn aquaculture is still in its early stages. Kader et al (2021) reported that freshwater prawn treated with three probiotics collected from the host's intestine, E. faecalis , Lac. lactis I and Lac.…”

“…It is cultured as a freshwater prawn offering an alternative to shrimp grown in brackish and marine aquaculture systems. Major countries producing prawn include India, China, Thailand, Bangladesh and Malaysia (Kader et al, 2021). Macrobrachium rosenbergii's aquaculture has attracted significant attention due to its high production yield, disease resistance and ease of management in controlled freshwater systems such as rivers, lakes, canals, reservoirs and ponds.…”

“…like giant freshwater prawns rely solely on innate or non-specific immunity composed of cellular and humoral elements to detect and suppress the proliferation of pathogenic microbes. Indeed, the immunity of M. rosenbergii relies on the clearance efficiency of haemocytes and the activities of prophenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase as well as phagocytic activity(Amparyup et al, 2013;Azad et al, 2019;Kader et al, 2021;Wei et al, 2021).…”