Dietary supplementation of biofloc influences growth performance, physiological stress, antioxidant status and immune response of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

Growth and health performance of African catfishClarias gariepinus(Burchell 1822) juvenile fed with graded levels of biofloc meal

“…Ekasari et al () suggested that the improvement in fish robustness against environmental change might be partly caused by the involvement of heat shock protein (Hsp) such as Hsp70, which plays some important roles in the cellular response to encounter environmental stress. This was confirmed by Chen et al (), who recently reported that the expression levels of Hsp70 in sea cucumber fed with diet containing 20% biofloc meal was increased significantly. The study also demonstrated that the stress levels of sea cucumber fed with biofloc diets were significantly improved as indicated by the decrease of glucose, lactate and cortisol and the increase of glycogen concentrations.…”

“…The effect of dietary inclusion of biofloc meal on the immune response and antioxidative capacity of some aquaculture species have been reported in previous studies (Anand et al, ; Chen et al, ; Kheti et al, ; Shao et al, ). Khetiet al (), for instance, recently reported that dietary inclusion of biofloc meal significantly enhanced lysozyme activity and significantly enhanced higher expression levels of some immune‐related genes, that is IL‐1β, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, C3, iNOS and IL‐10, in liver and head‐kidney tissues of rohu ( Labeo rohita ).…”

“…The growth performance and protein utilization efficiency of African catfish were enhanced with the increase of biofloc meal level in the diets. The beneficial effects of dietary biofloc meal to support the growth and feed utilization efficiency have been demonstrated in some aquaculture species including tiger shrimp (Anand et al, , ), Pacific white shrimp (Bauer, Prentice‐Hernandez, Tesser, Wasielesky, & Poersch, ; Kuhn, Boardman, Lawrence, Marsh, & Flick, ; Van Den Hende, Claessens, De Muylder, Boon, & Vervaeren, ), crucian carp (Wang et al, ), rohu (Kheti et al, ) and sea cucumber (Chen et al, ). The positive effects of dietary inclusion of biofloc meal may be explained by at least two possibilities, that is first by the higher feed digestibility and thereby higher bioavailability of nutrients, and second by the contribution of bioactive compounds that enhance the fish health status, including the enhancement of immune response and antioxidative capacity.…”

“…The nutritional composition of biofloc has been considered to sufficiently meet the requirement of some aquaculture species, including shrimp (Ekasari et al, ; Kuhn et al, ), crucian carp (Wang et al, ), tiger shrimp (Anand et al, ), rohu (Kheti et al, ) and sea cucumber (Chen, Ren, Wang, Xia, & Li, ). Ekasari et al () noted that based on its essential amino acids index, biofloc originating from a shrimp culture unit could be considered as a good protein source for shrimp.…”

“…Whereas Kuhn, Lawrence, Crockett, and Taylor () recently reported that biofloc meal generated from confectionary food effluent water could be used to replace soybean meal and fishmeal in shrimp diet up to 20% and 30% respectively. Moreover, dietary inclusion of biofloc meal has been reported to confer some positive effects on the health status of the target species (Anand et al, ; Chen et al, ), thus increasing the potential use of biofloc meal as a feed raw material. The present study aimed to evaluate biofloc meal utilization as a feed ingredient on the growth and health performance of African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822) juvenile.…”