Dietary supplementation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol increases tibial mass by suppression bone resorption in meat ducks

Abstract

Leg problems often result from the rapid weight gain and poor bone quality in modern ducks, leading to a high risk of fractures and continuous pain. We hypothesized that improving bone quality in combination with delaying weight gain via a low nutrient density (LND) diet probably reverses these skeletal abnormalities. Studies indicated that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D 3 ), a vitamin D 3 metabolite, is effective in treating bone-related disorders. Therefore, Exp. 1 evaluated the effects of 25-OH-D 3 on tibial mass of meat ducks. Male meat ducklings were fed a standard nutrient density diet (containing a regular vitamin regimen) without or with 25-OH-D 3 at 0.069 mg/kg for 35 d. The results showed that 25-OH-D 3 supplementation improved the mineral content, microarchitecture and mechanical properties of tibias, and this companied by a decreased serum bone resorption marker and a concomitant decrement in osteoclast-specific marker genes expression. Subsequently, Exp. 2 was conducted to examine the impacts of 25-OH-D 3 incorporating an LND diet on tibial quality of ducks under 2 different vitamin regimens (regular and high). Ducklings were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes and without or with 25-OH-D 3 at 0.069 mg/kg in LND diets. The high premix had higher levels of all vitamins except biotin than the regular premix. The results demonstrated that high vitamin diets exhibited more significant effects than regular vitamin diets on inhibiting bone turnover and increasing minerals deposition. Tibial mineral content, microarchitecture, and strength of birds under the regular vitamin regimen were increased by 25-OH-D 3 supplementation; However, these positive effects were not observed in ducks under the high vitamin regimen. To conclude, 25-OH-D 3 supplementation improves tibial mass by suppressing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in meat ducks, and this positive impact only was observed in regular but not high vitamin regimen when birds fed an LND diet.

Acidification of drinking water improved tibia mass of broilers through the alterations of intestinal barrier and microbiota

“…Alterations in gait such as leg weakness and lameness were important welfare and economic issues in poultry industry, causing a reduction in mobility, that may be associated with pain and a reduction in normal behaviors. In addition to decelerating weight gain to balance the growth rate and bone quality, enhancing bone mass and mechanical properties through dietary calcium (Ca) and vitamins could contribute to a lower incidence of leg problems of birds [1][2][3], implying that optimum Ca and phosphorus (P) in bone mineralization is directly related to leg health. The absorption of Ca and P depends on multiple factor such as the dietary concentration and forms of these minerals, passage rate of feed and viscosity of digesta, physiological environment of gut, and their interactions each other, etc.…”

“…1 Premix is provided per kilogram of diet: 1-21 d: Vitamin A, 12,000 IU; Vitamin D3, 3,500 IU; Vitamin E, 60 IU; Vitamin K3, 4 mg; Vitamin B1, 2.5 mg; Vitamin B6, 6 mg; Vitamin B12, 8 μg; D-Pantothenic acid, 40 mg; Niacin, 75 mg; Folic acid, 10 mg; Biotin, 0.8 mg; Choline, 700 mg;2 Metabolizable energy, methionine, lysine, and threonine in the nutritional level were calculated values, and the rest were measured values.…”

Effects of different dietary vitamin D combinations during the grower phase and the feed restriction phase on growth performance and sternal morphology, mineralization, and related genes expression of bone metabolism in Pekin ducks

“…We also showed that during the feed restriction phase (phase 2), 5 VD regimes had apparent effects on sternal depth and fresh sternal weight. Early studies found that dietary supplementation of 69 μg/kg 25-OH-D 3 combined with 400 IU/kg VD 3 improved bone mineral content of meat ducks ( Ren et al, 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2020a , b ). Based on the genes expression related to bone turnover, our results demonstrated that there was a significant interactive effect among VD combinations during the 2 phases.…”

Gross anatomy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and bone mineral densitometry of the ovine metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint

“…For example, adding 25-dihydroxycalciferol (a metabolite of vitamin D) to duck diets increases bone mass of tibia by suppressing bone resorption of osteoclasts (Zhang et al, 2020). Furthermore, the anatomical role of a certain bone in the skeleton and the amount of tension and pressure that bone is reinforced by them in different static and dynamic states, can be effective in the bone density.…”

“…Numerous studies in this field have been performed in different species, including birds to ruminants, and it has been described that increasing mineral in the diet will lead to an increase in bone mass. For example, adding 25‐dihydroxycalciferol (a metabolite of vitamin D) to duck diets increases bone mass of tibia by suppressing bone resorption of osteoclasts (Zhang et al, 2020). Furthermore, the anatomical role of a certain bone in the skeleton and the amount of tension and pressure that bone is reinforced by them in different static and dynamic states, can be effective in the bone density.…”