Dietary Sugars Intake and Cardiovascular Health

Abstract

Abstract-High intakes of dietary sugars in the setting of a worldwide pandemic of obesity and cardiovascular disease have heightened concerns about the adverse effects of excessive consumption of sugars. In 2001 to 2004, the usual intake of added sugars for Americans was 22.2 teaspoons per day (355 calories per day). Between 1970 and 2005, average annual availability of sugars/added sugars increased by 19%, which added 76 calories to Americans' average daily energy intake. Soft drinks and other sugar-sweetened beverages are the primary source of added sugars in Americans' diets. Excessive consumption of sugars has been linked with several metabolic abnormalities and adverse health conditions, as well as shortfalls of essential nutrients. Although trial data are limited, evidence from observational studies indicates that a higher intake of soft drinks is associated with greater energy intake, higher body weight, and lower intake of essential nutrients. National survey data also indicate that excessive consumption of added sugars is contributing to overconsumption of discretionary calories by Americans. On the basis of the 2005 US Dietary Guidelines, intake of added sugars greatly exceeds discretionary calorie allowances, regardless of energy needs. In view of these considerations, the American Heart Association recommends reductions in the intake of added sugars. A prudent upper limit of intake is half of the discretionary calorie allowance, which for most American women is no more than 100 calories per day and for most American men is no more than 150 calories per day from added sugars. (Circulation. 2009; 120:1011-1020.)Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements Ⅲ cardiovascular diseases Ⅲ carbohydrates, dietary Ⅲ diet Ⅲ beverages Ⅲ carbonated beverages Ⅲ lipids N ew evidence on the relationship between intake of sugars and cardiovascular health has emerged since the last American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement was published in 2002. 1 In 2006, the AHA published revised diet and lifestyle recommendations that recommend minimizing the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars. 2 The present statement expands on that recommendation by reviewing the evidence for recommending a specific upper limit of intake for added sugars. Because the focus of the present statement is on added sugars, recommendations for intake of naturally occurring sugars and complex carbohydrates are beyond its scope. Consumption of Sugars in the United StatesSugars are a ubiquitous component of our food supply and are consumed as a naturally occurring component of many foods and as additions to foods during processing, preparation, or at the table. 3 There are various definitions for sugar. Table 1 The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclos...

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Food choices and health during military service: increases in sugar- and fibre-containing foods and changes in anthropometric and clinical risk factors

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“…More recently emphasis has been put on the association between sugar and CVD with its risk factors (10)(11)(12) .…”

“…Attention has been paid to dietary sugars in general and to sugar-sweetened beverages (10,12,13) . Evidence exists for an association between the consumption of added sugars and CHD among men (13) .…”

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