Dietary Substitution Effect of Fishmeal with Tunic Meal of Sea Squirt, Halocynthia roretzi, Drasche, on Growth and Soft Body Composition of Juvenile Abalone, Haliotis discus, Reeve 1846

Abstract

The dietary substitution effect of fishmeal (FM) with tunic meal of sea squirt (SS) on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus, was evaluated. A total of 1470 juvenile abalone were distributed into 21 70‐L plastic rectangular containers. Six experimental diets in triplicate were prepared, and 20% FM was included in the FM0 diet. The treatments consisted of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of FM substituted with tunic meal of SS, referred to as the FM20, FM40, FM60, FM80, and FM100 diets, respectively. Undaria was also prepared to compare the effect of the formulated diets on performance of abalone. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at a satiation level for 16 wk. Weight gain of abalone fed the FM0 diet was higher than that of abalone fed the FM100 diet and Undaria, but not different from that of abalone fed the FM80 diet. Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents of the soft body of abalone fed all formulated diets were higher than those of abalone fed the Undaria diet. In conclusion, FM up to 80% could be replaced with tunic meal of SS without retardation in growth of abalone. The best growth was obtained in abalone fed the FM20 diet.

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus ( Citrus unshiu , Marcovitch) peel by‐product in feed on the growth, body composition and air exposure stressor of juvenile abalone ( Haliotis discus , Reeve 1846)

“…All formulated diets substituting U. pinnatifida with CPB produced the superior shell growth and soft body weight of abalone to those of abalone fed the dry U. pinnatifida in this study, agreeing with other studies showing that shell growth of abalone fed the nutritionbalanced diets was greater than that of abalone fed the U. pinnatifida (Ansary et al, 2019b(Ansary et al, , 2019aChoi et al, 2018;Jang et al, 2018).…”

“…Higher weight gain and SGR of abalone fed all formulated diets compared to those of abalone fed the dry U. pinnatifida in this study was well supported by other studies showing the nutrition‐balanced formulated diets achieved improvement in growth performance of abalone over the single MA, such as Macrocystis pyrifera Linnaeus, Gracilariopsis bailinae Zhang and Xia, U. pinnatifida or S. japonica (Ansary et al, , ; Bautista‐Teruel & Millamena, ; Cho, Park, Kim, Yoo, & Lee, ; Choi et al, ; Jang et al, ; Jung et al, ; Myung et al, ; Viana, López, & Salas, ). Especially, rice bran was the good alternative source for S. japonica in abalone feed when 200 g/kg S. japonica was included (Kim et al, ).…”

“…The most important advantages of using fruit by‐products as abalone diet are to reduce the dependence of abalone on MA, which is expensive and limited in seasonal availability with low nutrition, and to eradicate cost of waste compilation, transportation and management programme. Similarly, some studies have been reported comparable growth performance of aquatic animals including abalone fed the diets substituting MA with food and plant by‐products (tuna by‐product, tunic meal of sea squirt, rice bran and white radish by‐product) for fish meal and MA (Choi et al, ; Jeon, Kim, Myung, & Cho, ; Lee et al, ; Lee, Kim, Choi, et al, ; Lee et al, ). The desirable effect of citrus peel on growth of land animals, such as rats (Lim, Lee, & Kim, ), broiler (Ebrahimi, Qotbi, Seidavi, & Bagar, ; Siyal et al, ) and rabbit (Ojabo, Adenkola, & Odaudu, ), has also been reported.…”

“…pinnatifida in this study, agreeing with other studies showing that shell growth of abalone fed the nutrition‐balanced diets was greater than that of abalone fed the U . pinnatifida (Ansary et al, , ; Choi et al, ; Jang et al, ). Abalone fed the CPB500 diet achieved the greatest shell length and width and soft body weight of abalone, which was directly reflected from the greatest growth performance of abalone in this study.…”

“…Food and vegetable by‐product can be a good source of feed ingredient in formulated feed for aquatic animals including abalone. Different sources of food and crop by‐products, such as tuna by‐product meal (Jung et al, ), tunic meal of sea squirt (Choi et al, ) and rice bran (Kim, Jeong, et al, ; Lee et al, ) for fish meal and MA, have been reported in abalone. Reyes and Fermin () also reported that locally available year‐around terrestrial leaf meal ( Moringa oliefera Lam) and aquatic fern ( Azolla pinnata R.…”