Dietary Strategies to Counteract the Effects of Mycotoxins: A Review

Abstract

We reviewed various dietary strategies to contain the toxic effects of mycotoxins using antioxidant compounds (selenium, vitamins, provitamins), food components (phenolic compounds, coumarin, chlorophyll and its derivatives, fructose, aspartame), medicinal herbs and plant extracts, and mineral and biological binding agents (hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonites, zeolites, activated carbons, bacteria, and yeast). Available data are primarily from in vitro studies and mainly focus on aflatoxin B1, whereas much less information is available about other mycotoxins. Compounds with antioxidant properties are potentially very efficacious because of their ability to act as superoxide anion scavengers. Interesting results have been obtained by food components contained in coffee, strawberries, tea, pepper, grapes, turmeric, Fava tonka, garlic, cabbage, and onions. Additionally, some medicinal herbs and plant extracts could potentially provide protection against aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1. Activated carbons, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, and bacteria seem to effectively act as binders. We conclude that dietary strategies are the most promising approach to the problem, considering their limited or nil interference in the food production process. Nevertheless, a great research effort is necessary to verify the in vivo detoxification ability of the purposed agents, their mode of action, possible long-term drawbacks of these detoxification-decontamination procedures, and their economical and technical feasibility.

Fungal contamination and the levels of mycotoxins (Don and Ota) in cereal samples from poland and east slovakia

“…The most important mycotoxins are af latoxin B 1 , ochratoxin A, fumonisin B 1 , zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T2 toxin (GALVANO et al 2001). Especially ochratoxin A, vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) and zearalenone dominate in West and East Europe (DEVEGOWDA et al 1998).…”

Prevention of cardiotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 via dietary supplementation of papaya fruit extracts in rats

“…Several reports suggested that AFB 1 exerts its toxicity through the formation of AFB 1 8,9-epoxide and the generation of intracellular ROS, like superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide (Berg et al 2004) during the metabolic processing of AFB 1 by cytochrome P450 in the liver (Galvano et al 2001). These species may attack the highly unsaturated fatty acids of the cell membrane of the heart to induce lipid peroxidation and eventually damage membranes (Schinella et al 2002) and the subsequent release of its contents into circulation.…”

Application of Modern Biosensors Methods in Ecotoxicological Monitoring of Some Toxins of Natural (Micotoxins) and Antropogenic (Pesticides) Origin. Part 1. Micotoxins.

“…Вітчизняні сорбенти та си-ровина для сорбентів не поступаються в про-філактичній активності зарубіжним аналогам, тому переплачувати за імпортну марку немає необхідності [50,51]. Недоліком цього методу дезактивації мікотоксинів є можливість адсор-бента зв'язувати інші поживні речовини, що призводить до втрати харчової цінності про-дукту [52].…”