Dietary Strategies and Novel Pharmaceutical Approaches Targeting Serum ApoA-I Metabolism: A Systematic Overview

Smolders, Lotte; Mensink, Ronald P.

doi:10.1155/2017/5415921

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…It is unlikely that the replacement of protein for carbohydrates explains the observed decreases in apoA1, as carbohydrates and proteins may have comparable effects on apoAI concentrations ( 21 ). Other dietary factors that changed with the HD, such as intakes of fiber, omega-3 [ω-3 (n–3)] fatty acids, fish, nuts, and cholesterol, do also not have significant effects on fasting apoA1 ( 22 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fechner

Bilet

Peters

et al. 2020

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background Current dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention focus more on dietary patterns than on single nutrients. However, randomized controlled trials using whole-diet approaches to study effects on both fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers are limited. Objective This randomized parallel trial compared the effects of a healthy diet (HD) with those of a typical Western diet (WD) on fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. Methods After a 2-wk run-in period, 40 men and women (50–70 y; BMI: 25–35 kg/m2) consumed the HD (high in fruit and vegetables, pulses, fibers, nuts, fatty fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids; low in salt and high-glycemic carbohydrates; n = 19) or the WD (less fruit, vegetables, and fibers; no nuts and fatty fish; and more saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates; n = 21) for 6 wk. Fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed as secondary outcome parameters during a 5-h mixed-meal challenge, and a per protocol analysis was performed using 1-factor ANCOVA or linear mixed models. Results Differences in diet-induced changes are expressed relative to the HD group. Changes in fasting plasma total cholesterol (–0.57 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (–0.41 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B100 (–0.09 ± 0.03 g/L, P < 0.01), and apolipoprotein A1 (–0.06 ± 0.03 g/L, P = 0.05) were significantly different between the diet groups. Changes in postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (diet × time, P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B48 (P < 0.01) differed significantly between the groups with clear improvements on the HD, although fasting triacylglycerols (–0.24 ± 0.13 mmol/L, P = 0.06) and apolipoprotein B48 (1.04 ± 0.67 mg/L, P = 0.40) did not. Significant differences between the diets were also detected in fasting systolic (–6.9 ± 3.1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and 24-h systolic (–5.0 ± 1.7 mmHg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (–3.3 ± 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.01) blood pressure. Conclusion A whole-diet approach targeted multiple fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. In fact, the postprandial measurements provided important additional information to estimate CVD risk. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02519127.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fechner

Bilet

Peters

et al. 2020

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…Unfortunately, most human intervention studies in which the effects of dietary fibres were evaluated only analysed serum HDL-C, but not ApoA-I concentrations [ 8 , 30 ]. Nevertheless, some studies compared for example the effects of a high fibre diet to a low fibre diets, with ApoA-I concentrations as an endpoint.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Contribution of Short Chain Fatty Acids to Hepatic Apolipoprotein A-I Production

Popeijus

Zwaan

Tayyeb

2021

IJMS

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Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the major protein of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and has a crucial role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It has been postulated that elevating production of de novo ApoA-I might translate into the formation of new functional HDL particles that could lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via RCT. During inflammation, serum ApoA-I concentrations are reduced, which contributes to the development of dysfunctional HDL particles as Serum Amyloid A (SAA) overtakes the position of ApoA-I within the HDL particles. Therefore, instead of elevating serum HDL cholesterol concentrations, rescuing lower serum ApoA-I concentrations could be beneficial in both normal and inflamed conditions. Several nutritional compounds, amongst others short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have shown their capacity to modulate hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. In this review we provide an overview of HDL and more specific ApoA-I metabolism, SCFAs physiology and the current knowledge regarding the influence of SCFAs on ApoA-I expression and synthesis in human liver cells. We conclude that the current evidence regarding the effect of SCFAs on ApoA-I transcription and secretion is promising, however there is a need to investigate which dietary fibres could lead to increased SCFAs formation and consequent elevated ApoA-I concentrations.

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“…The cholesterol efflux capacity of the HDL fraction is representative of the removal of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues by delivering it to the liver for excretion into bile [10]. Since ApoA-I is the main functional protein in HDL, elevating the production of ApoA-I has become an interesting target for CVD prevention [11]. In a recent overview, Smolders et al have reviewed that ApoA-I mimetics as well as ApoA-I infusions (ApoA-I Milano, CSL-111, CSL-112, and CER001) and the BET inhibitor RVX-208, which elevates ApoA-I production, have promising effects with respect to CVD [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since ApoA-I is the main functional protein in HDL, elevating the production of ApoA-I has become an interesting target for CVD prevention [11]. In a recent overview, Smolders et al have reviewed that ApoA-I mimetics as well as ApoA-I infusions (ApoA-I Milano, CSL-111, CSL-112, and CER001) and the BET inhibitor RVX-208, which elevates ApoA-I production, have promising effects with respect to CVD [11]. The synthesis of HDL starts with ApoA-I particles, and therefore, it is considered essential to form new, fresh, functional HDL particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amoxicillin Modulates ApoA-I Transcription and Secretion, Predominantly via PPARα Transactivation Inhibition

Tayyeb

Popeijus

Mensink

et al. 2019

IJMS

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In a recent human study, we observed that amoxicillin treatment decreased HDL-C concentration. We hypothesize that antibiotics lower the transcription and secretion of ApoA-I, the responsible protein for HDL production. HepG2 and Caco-2 cells were exposed to increasing dose of amoxicillin, penicillin, and streptomycin. Secreted ApoA-I protein and mRNA transcripts were analyzed using ELISA and qPCR, respectively. To unravel underlying mechanisms, KEAP1, CPT1, and CHOP mRNA expressions were determined as well as PPARα transactivation. In HepG2 and Caco-2, amoxicillin decreased ApoA-I transcription and secretion. Effects on ApoA-I expression were clearly there for amoxicillin while no effects were observed for penicillin or streptomycin. KEAP1, CPT1, and CHOP mRNA expressions were reduced by amoxicillin treatments. Moreover, a significant correlation between ApoA-I and CPT1 mRNA expressions was found. Furthermore, amoxicillin lowered PPARα transactivation. All together, these data suggest that inhibited PPARα transactivation is involved in the effects of amoxicillin on ApoA-I. In conclusion, the direct effect of amoxicillin in treated HepG2 and Caco-2 cells was a lower ApoA-I secretion and transcription. Based on evaluating alterations in KEAP1, CPT1, and CHOP mRNA expressions plus PPARα transactivation, we suggest that a reduced PPARα activation is a potential mechanism behind the observed amoxicillin effects on ApoA-I expression.

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Dietary Strategies and Novel Pharmaceutical Approaches Targeting Serum ApoA-I Metabolism: A Systematic Overview

Cited by 6 publications

References 164 publications

A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Potential Contribution of Short Chain Fatty Acids to Hepatic Apolipoprotein A-I Production

Amoxicillin Modulates ApoA-I Transcription and Secretion, Predominantly via PPARα Transactivation Inhibition

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