Dietary sources of branched-chain fatty acids and their biosynthesis, distribution, and nutritional properties

Deciphering the Chemical Language of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Veillonella parvula Lipopolysaccharide

“…By contrast, the R‐LPS‐expressing 118(3) strain synthesized a highly complex blend of tetra‐ to hexa‐acylated lipid A species carrying one or two phosphates on the disaccharide backbone, in turn acylated by both branched and unbranched acyl moieties. As 118(3) is a clinical isolate from a pharyngeal swab, this observation tentatively suggests that lipid A branched acyl chains might be key constituents for bacterial adaptation to the oral environment, likely controlling cell membrane fluidity, integrity, and functionality, as previously observed for other bacterial branched‐chain fatty acids [27] …”

“…As 118(3) is a clinical isolate from a pharyngeal swab, this observation tentatively suggests that lipid A branched acyl chains might be key constituents for bacterial adaptation to the oral environment, likely controlling cell membrane fluidity, integrity, and functionality, as previously observed for other bacterial branched-chain fatty acids. [27] As for the saccharide moieties, the core OS was identical for both strains and was made up of a heptose-containing heptasaccharide whose outermost β-Glcp was found to be a terminal residue in the core OS of 118(3), while was further substituted at its O-3 position by a β-Galp in DSM 2008, which thus was identified as the sugar that starts the biological repeating unit of the O-antigen. The latter was found to be built up of an unprecedented mannitolcontaining tetrameric repeating unit made up of β-Galf, β-Galp, and α-GlcpN, polymerized through a phosphodiester bridge between position O-6 of the mannitol and position O-3 of the α-GlcpN.…”

Deciphering the Chemical Language of the Immunomodulatory Properties of Veillonella parvula Lipopolysaccharide

“…As 118(3) is a clinical isolate from a pharyngeal swab, this observation tentatively suggests that lipid A branched acyl chains might be key constituents for bacterial adaptation to the oral environment, likely controlling cell membrane fluidity, integrity, and functionality, as previously observed for other bacterial branched-chain fatty acids. [27] As for the saccharide moieties, the core OS was identical for both strains and was made up of a heptose-containing heptasaccharide whose outermost β-Glcp was found to be a terminal residue in the core OS of 118(3), while was further substituted at its O-3 position by a β-Galp in DSM 2008, which thus was identified as the sugar that starts biological repeating unit of the O-antigen. The latter was found to be built up of an unprecedented mannitolcontaining tetrameric repeating unit made up of β-Galf, β-Galp, and α-GlcpN, polymerized through a phosphodiester bridge between position O-6 of the mannitol and position O-3 of the α-GlcpN.…”

Fatty acid isomerism: analysis and selected biological functions

“…Among various BCFA isomerism, the monomethyl BCFA (mmBCFA), especially long-chain ones, attracted the most attention in recent decades, due to their close involvements in metabolic regulation, anti-inflammation, anticancer, weight control, as well as neuroprotection and cardioprotection, as summarized in previous reviews. [111][112][113] Thus, here we aim to emphasize the significance of BCFAs in two important but not well reviewed aspects: the essential role in C. elegans development and the special support to human skin functions.…”

“…125,126 The function of vernix BCFAs has been summarized thoroughly in previous reviews. 111,113 In short, vernix BCFAs exhibited the ability to alleviate intestinal inflammation in both in vitro and in vivo models, 127,128 which indicated its potential in modulating a newborn immune system, though more research is warranted to expand this area. All the aforementioned functions of unusual fatty acid isomers are summarized in Table 1.…”