Dietary solutions to dyslipidemia: Milk protein–polysaccharide conjugates as liver biochemical enhancers

Abstract

Protein–polysaccharide interactions have been a focus of scientific attention. This study aimed to improve the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of buffalo total milk proteins and whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) through noncovalent interactions with Psyllium husk (ispaghula) mucilage (PHM) and Nabq mucilage (NabM). Chemical composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of milk protein–mucilage complexes were explored. The effects of resulting complexes on liver function, hyperlipidemia, and histopathology of the liver in rats fed high‐fat diet (HFD) were investigated. The results showed that the complexes exerted significant effect on normalizing tested parameters; WPH–NabM had the most significantly decreased level of malondialdehyde content and the liver histopathological examination proved an improvement in all groups fed with these complexes. These complexes can be used as functional protection elements against the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Practical applications PHM, NabM, and their complexes with milk proteins were proved to improve liver function, enhancing most of its measurable parameters and also diminishing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Mice with HFD achieved better health circumstances by combining these ingredients in their diet. Knowing how much these diseases proliferate in the western world and its correlation with high‐fat consumption and modern lifestyle, its conjugation with PHM/NabM–MP complexes may reduce the negative impact of unhealthy food intake and, on some parameters, even improving the whole liver function. For that reason, the present study supports and pushes forward the dissemination and consumption of ispaghula or Nabq (the polysaccharides sources) or supplements originating from them. Although many interactions concerning milk proteins have already been analyzed, our study also proposes the interaction with bioactive polysaccharides as useful, opening a field of research aimed at the better application of milk proteins.

Nano Milk Protein-Mucilage Complexes: Characterization and Anticancer Effect

“…Our hypothesis points to a possible interaction between MP and polysaccharides that lead to gaining the potential antioxidant activity as described by Li et al [24]. It has been previously reported that there is positive correlation between the scavenging capacity and phenolic/flavonoids content [5]. However, we cannot exclude that new bioactive peptides enriched with sulfur-containing amino acids are produced, explaining the high antioxidant activity of MPMC compared to the uncomplexed components.…”

“…The IHM and NabM were selected as promising bioactive materials. Previous studies indicated that IHM and NabM complexes with milk proteins improved liver function and diminished the risk of cardiovascular diseases [5]. Isabgol husk has been proven to be effective for the treatment of diarrhea, constipation, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes.…”

“…Its bioactivities include anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, and antioxidant activities [7]. Isabgol husk and Nabeq fruits are used for the production of Isabgol husk mucilage (IHM) and Nabeq mucilage (NabM), respectively [5].…”

Protein-polysaccharide interactions in dairy production

“…Protein-polysaccharide interactions were in the center of attention of scientists during research, the results of which are presented in [39]. This study aims to improve the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of milk proteins and whey protein hydrolyzate through non-covalent interactions with Psyllium husk plant mucilage (ispaghula) and Nabq mucilage.…”

Relationship Between High Consumption of Fresh Whole Milk or Yogurt and the Risk for Both Cardiovascular Diseases and Liver Disorders in Hyperlipidemic Wistar Rats

“…Other factors like race, gender and genetic predisposition may participate as etiologic factors for hyperlipidemia, although conflicting data in this respect are reported (Karr, 2017& Yang et al, 2020. In addition to its being a precursor for steatosis or fatty liver disease, it is considered as an important risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (El-Maksoud et al, 2020). The latter is considered as the leading cause for death in the United States (Millar et al, 2020).…”