Dietary sodium butyrate supplementation improves fish growth, intestinal microbiota composition, and liver health in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed high-fat diets

Chen, Weijun; Gao, Shiyang; Chang, Kuo-Song; Zhao, Xiaoyu; Niu, Ben

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.739040

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pearson's correlation analysis showed that fish growth was closely correlated with liver function (Chen et al, 2023), such as hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic antioxidant capacity. As demonstrated in two previous studies (Chen et al, 2023), liver color is an important indicator of fish health; solid red or light red indicates a normal liver with normal‐fat deposition in M. salmoides . Present study showed that liver color appeared red in the S300 and S500 groups, and vacuolation and hepatocyte nuclear shift were obviously alleviated, indicating GSH has a potential promotion of liver health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet with optimal glutathione supplement improves growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant ability in Micropterus salmoides

Xiong,

Chi,

Wang

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Biology

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In this study, Micropterus salmoides were fed with dietary glutathione (GSH, 0, 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for 56 days to investigate its effects on growth performance, serum nonspecific immunity, liver antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology, and intestinal microbiota. The results showed that the survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate and condition factor increased, whereas the feed conversion ratio, hepato‐somatic index, and viscerosomatic index decreased in the GSH groups. Compared with the control group, the serum total protein content significantly increased, whereas the triglyceride and total cholesterol significantly decreased in the 300‐mg/kg dietary GSH group. The activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were significantly higher in GSH‐supplemented groups, peaking at 300‐mg/kg GSH. GSH supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde content, with the most pronounced effects at 300‐mg/kg GSH. Further antioxidant indicators showed that a dietary supplement of 300‐mg/kg GSH significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, endogenous glutathione, glutathione reductase, and catalase. At 300‐mg/kg GSH, the liver exhibited improved characteristics with alleviated vacuolation and hepatocyte nuclear shift, and intestine showed enhanced structure with increased villus height and intestinal wall thickness. Additionally, a 300‐mg/kg GSH supplementation improved the diversity of intestinal microbiota, increased the abundance of probiotics such as Bacillus, and inhibited the development of pathogenic bacteria such as Plesiomonas. Overall, the results suggest that the effect of GSH addition on improving growth performance, nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota of M. salmoides is best in the 300‐mg/kg addition group. Based on second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of weight gain, the optimum requirement of dietary GSH in M. salmoides is a 336.84‐mg/kg diet.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet with optimal glutathione supplement improves growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant ability in Micropterus salmoides

Xiong,

Chi,

Wang

et al. 2024

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…However, after treatment with SA and SB, the in ammatory response was signi cantly ameliorated. Recent studies have suggested that SA and SB may not only reduce the hepatitis response by improving the entero-liver axis, but may also directly regulate hepatic immune cells, reduce the release of pro-in ammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-1) in the liver, and increase the expression of anti-in ammatory factors (IL-4 and IL-10) [54,55]. Similarly, dietary SA can upregulate immune-related genes (TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-8) and improve disease resistance in common carp [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate improve high-carbohydrate diet utilization by regulating gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Liu,

Cheng,

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Adequate levels of carbohydrates in aquafeeds help conserve protein and reduce costs. However, studies have shown that a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet disrupts the homeostasis of the gut–liver axis in largemouth bass, resulting in decreased intestinal acetate and butyrate levels. Herein, we assessed the effects of sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) on liver health and the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bass fed an HC diet. The experimental design comprised five isonitrogenous and isolipid diets, including LC (9% starch), HC (18% starch), HCSA (18% starch; 2 g/kg SA), HCSB (18% starch; 2 g/kg SB), and HCSASB (18% starch; 1 g/kg SA + 1 g/kg SB). Juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were reared on the diets for 56 days. Results We found that dietary SA and SB reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation by activating autophagy (ATG101, LC3B, and tfeb), promoting lipolysis (CPT1α, HSL, and AMPKα), and inhibiting adipogenesis (FAS, ACCA, SCD1, and PPARγ). In addition, SA and SB decreased oxidative stress in the liver (CAT, GPX, and SOD) by activating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Meanwhile, SA and SB alleviated HC-induced inflammation by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, COX2, Hepcidin1) through the NF-κB pathway. Importantly, SA and SB increased the abundance of bacteria that produce acetic acid and butyrate (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1). Combined with the KEGG analysis, the results showed that SA and SB enriched carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism pathways, thereby improving the utilization of carbohydrates. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that growth performance was closely related to hepatic lipid deposition, autophagy, antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and intestinal microbial composition. Conclusions In conclusion, dietary SA and SB can reduce hepatic lipid deposition, and alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in largemouth bass fed an HC diet. These beneficial effects may be due to the altered composition of the gut microbiota caused by SA and SB. The improvement effects of SB were stronger than those associated with SA.

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“…In grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus , dietary lipoic acid reduced hepatic fat accumulation caused by high fat feeding (Huang et al, 2019). W. Chen et al (2023) reported that sodium butyrate improved growth performance and health status in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides , consuming a high fat diet. In addition, dietary calcium pyruvate supplementation also mitigated liver lipid deposition in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea , caused by high fat diet (Y. Zhang et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different sodium acetate levels on growth, antioxidant capacity, and fat deposition in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis fed a high fat diet

Gou,

Jin,

Yang

et al. 2023

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Short‐chain fatty acids are regarded as promising feed additives, acetate is one of them. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of sodium acetate (SA) on Onychostoma macrolepis fed a high‐fat diet. O. macrolepis (2.1 ± 0.1 g) were reared in 12 aquariums (three aquarium/group, 15 fish/aquarium), fed a high‐fat diet (control), and a high‐fat diet supplemented with 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% SA for 56 days. Diet supplemented with 1.0% SA significantly increased the weight gain of O. macrolepis fed the high‐fat diet. Dietary SA reduced serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations. The addition of 1.0% and 2.0% SA significantly decreased non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and TG concentrations in liver. Dietary SA (1.0% and 2.0%) significantly improved total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activities in the liver. In comparison to the control group, the addition of 1.0% and 2.0% SA significantly up‐regulated lipolysis gene expression levels in the liver. These findings suggest that high fat diets supplemented with 1%–2.0% SA can improve growth, liver health, and antioxidant capacity in O. macrolepis.

show abstract

Dietary sodium butyrate supplementation improves fish growth, intestinal microbiota composition, and liver health in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed high-fat diets

Cited by 37 publications

References 67 publications

Diet with optimal glutathione supplement improves growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant ability in Micropterus salmoides

Diet with optimal glutathione supplement improves growth, nonspecific immunity, intestinal microbiota, and antioxidant ability in Micropterus salmoides

Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate improve high-carbohydrate diet utilization by regulating gut microbiota, liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides )

Effects of different sodium acetate levels on growth, antioxidant capacity, and fat deposition in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis fed a high fat diet

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