Dietary self-selection by animals.

Overmann, Stephen R.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.2.218

Cited by 57 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Variation between people in dietary intake as represented by DC1 and DC2 is predominantly driven by nongenetic factors, consistent with it being primarily influenced by a variety of socioeconomic and psychological factors, including lifestyle, culture and health beliefs 53 . Nonetheless, both DC1 and DC2 were moderately heritable (both 16% Table 1) in line with reports from twin studies 9,54 and consistent with animal studies that imply biological driving forces underpinning self-selection of diet 55 . The proportion of variance explained by genome- Anorexia Nervosa n/a n/a n/a n/a b wide SNPs was 6% and 8% for DC1 and DC2.…”

Section: Dietary Intakesupporting

confidence: 87%

Genome-wide association study of dietary intake in the UK biobank study and its associations with schizophrenia and other traits

Niarchou

Byrne

Trzaskowski³

et al. 2020

Transl Psychiatry

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Motivated by observational studies that report associations between schizophrenia and traits, such as poor diet, increased body mass index and metabolic disease, we investigated the genetic contribution to dietary intake in a sample of 335,576 individuals from the UK Biobank study. A principal component analysis applied to diet question item responses generated two components: Diet Component 1 (DC1) represented a meat-related diet and Diet Component 2 (DC2) a fish and plant-related diet. Genome-wide association analysis identified 29 independent singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DC1 and 63 SNPs with DC2. Estimated from over 35,000 3rd-degree relative pairs that are unlikely to share close family environments, heritabilities for both DC1 and DC2 were 0.16 (standard error (s.e.) = 0.05). SNP-based heritability was 0.06 (s.e. = 0.003) for DC1 and 0.08 (s.e = 0.004) for DC2. We estimated significant genetic correlations between both DCs and schizophrenia, and several other traits. Mendelian randomisation analyses indicated a negative uni-directional relationship between liability to schizophrenia and tendency towards selecting a meat-based diet (which could be direct or via unidentified correlated variables), but a bidirectional relationship between liability to schizophrenia and tendency towards selecting a fish and plant-based diet consistent with genetic pleiotropy.

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Section: Dietary Intakesupporting

confidence: 87%

Genome-wide association study of dietary intake in the UK biobank study and its associations with schizophrenia and other traits

Niarchou

Byrne

Trzaskowski³

et al. 2020

Transl Psychiatry

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“…As a consequence, food would have supported less lever pressing in the sucrose condition. However, sucrose was an imperfect substitute for food and, thus, the daily increases in lever pressing in the sucrose condition could have been driven by those nutritionally unique or complementary elements of food (essential fatty and amino acids, vitamins, and minerals) that were necessary for maintaining metabolic homeostasis (Nicolaidis & Rowland, 1976;Overmann, 1976;Richter, Holt, & Barelare, 1938;Rozin & Schulkin, 1990;Stricker, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution and Caloric Regulation in a Closed Economy

Bauman

Raslear

Hursh

et al. 1996

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of an imperfect substitute for food on demand for food in a closed economy. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats pressed a lever for their entire daily food ration, and a fixed ratio of presses was required for each food pellet. In both experiments, the fixed ratio was held constant during a daily session but was increased between sessions. The fixed ratio was increased over a series of daily sessions once in the absence of concurrently available sucrose and again when sucrose pellets were freely available. For both series, increases in the fixed ratio reduced food intake, but body weight was reduced only in the no-sucrose condition. In the sucrose condition, body weight and total caloric intake (sucrose plus food) were relatively unaffected by increases in the fixed ratio. At all fixed ratios, food intake was proportionally reduced by the intake of sucrose. In Experiment 3, monkeys obtained food or saccharin by pressing keys; the fixed ratio of presses per food pellet was increased once when tap water was each monkey's only source of fluid, again when each monkey's water was sweetened with saccharin, and a third time when each monkey had concurrent access to the saccharin solution and plain water. Increases in the fixed ratio, but not the intake of the saccharin solution, reduced each monkey's food intake. Because neither rats' sucrose nor monkeys' saccharin intakes affected the slope of the respective demand curves for food, monkeys and rats increased their daily output of presses and thereby defended their daily intake of those complementary elements of food. However, sucrose reduced rats' food intake. The relative constancy of body weight and total caloric intake in the sucrose condition is consistent with the possibility that rats tended to regulate caloric intake.

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“…Overmann (1976, p. 221) summarized the famous anecdotal report of Green (1925) concerning bone eating by cows as follows: In the phosphorus-poor grazing land of South Africa, cattle frequently become osteophagic, or bone eaters, presumably to satisfy their phosphorus requirements … when bony materials were not available, the normally herbivorous cattle were even observed to consume live turtles….…”

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confidence: 99%

A contrarian view of the wisdom of the body as it relates to dietary self-selection.

Galef¹

1991

Psychological Review

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The history of studies of dietary self-selection in cafeteria-feeding situations is reviewed briefly. The evidence is not consistent with the view that replete animals can reliably compose a nutritionally adequate diet from an array of food in a cafeteria situation. Similarly, the evidence is not consistent with the view that when deficient in a nutrient (excepting the case of sodium and, perhaps, of phosporus), animals can reliably select a nutritionally adequate diet when it is present among several deficient diets. General acceptance of the view that omnivores can easily self-select nutritionally adequate diet is attributed both to overreliance on theory and to lack of critical attention to data. The adequacy of functional arguments suggesting that omnivores must be able to self-select nutritionally adequate diets is questioned.

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Dietary self-selection by animals.

Cited by 57 publications

References 110 publications

Genome-wide association study of dietary intake in the UK biobank study and its associations with schizophrenia and other traits

Genome-wide association study of dietary intake in the UK biobank study and its associations with schizophrenia and other traits

Substitution and Caloric Regulation in a Closed Economy

A contrarian view of the wisdom of the body as it relates to dietary self-selection.

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