Dietary sea cucumber cerebroside alleviates orotic acid-induced excess hepatic adipopexis in rats

Abstract

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease in industrialized countries. The present study was undertaken to explore the preventive effect of dietary sea cucumber cerebroside (SCC) extracted from Acaudina molpadioides in fatty liver rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including normal control group, NAFLD model group, and two SCC-treated groups with SCC at 0.006% and 0.03% respectively. The fatty liver model was established by administration of 1% orotic acid (OA) to the rats. After 10d, serum and hepatic lipid levels were detected. And the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were also determined. Besides, to gain the potential mechanism, the changes of key enzymes and gene expressions related to the hepatic lipid metabolism were measured.ResultsDietary SCC at the level of 0.006% and 0.03% ameliorated the hepatic lipid accumulation in fatty liver rats. SCC administration elevated the serum triglyceride (TG) level and the ALT, AST activities in OA-fed rats. The activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes including fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME) and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G6PDH) were inhibited by SCC treatment. And the gene expressions of FAS, ME, G6PDH and sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1c) were also reduced in rats fed SCC. However, dietary SCC didn't affect the activity and mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) in liver. Besides, suppression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity was observed in SCC-feeding rats.ConclusionsThese results suggested that dietary SCC could attenuate hepatic steatosis due to its inhibition of hepatic lipogenic gene expression and enzyme activity and the enhancement of TG secretion from liver.

Absorption and pharmacokinetic study of two sulphated triterpenoid saponins in rat after oral and intravenous administration of saponin extracts of Pearsonothuria graeffei by HPLC-MS

“…They contain various kinds of physiologically active substances, such as polysaccharides , bioactive phenolic compounds (Kaneko & Nakanishi, 2004), cerebroside (Yu et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2012), chondroitin sulphate (Kawaguchi, Kuhlenschmidt, Roseman, & Lee, 1981;Sun et al, 2012), and fucoidan (Bae et al, 2014). Triterpene saponins, the most important secondary metabolites and bioactive components of sea cucumbers (Zou et al, 2003), have been proven to exhibit various biological activities including antifungal, cytotoxic, haemolytic, cytostatic, and immunomodulatory effects (Bordbar, Anwar, & Saari, 2011;Dong, Xue, Yu, Xu, & Chen, 2008).…”

Compounds of the sphingomyelin-ceramide-glycosphingolipid pathways as secondary messenger molecules: new targets for novel therapies for fatty liver disease and insulin resistance

“…SPH-1-phosphate affects glomerulonephritis, including mesangial cell proliferation, renal inflammation, and fibrosis. Sonepcizumab is a monoclonal anti-S1P antibody that neutralizes extracellular S1P and was recommended for the treatment of glomerulonephritis (152,156,184). These data may have implications for its potential antifibrotic effect, which may also apply to hepatic fibrosis.…”

“…Furthermore, it also led to increased gene expression of IL-1␤, TNF-␣, and CD8 markers in the pancreatic-draining lymph nodes, indicating immune cell activation (55, 87,91,183). The SphK1/S1P pathway is also a potential target for the treatment of chronic kidney diseases (152,156,184). SPH-1-phosphate affects glomerulonephritis, including mesangial cell proliferation, renal inflammation, and fibrosis.…”

“…Dietary sea cucumber cerebroside (SCC) extracted from Acaudina molpadioides attenuated hepatic steatosis via inhibition of hepatic lipogenic gene expression and enzyme activity, and enhancement of triglyceride secretion from the liver (157,184,188). SCC inhibited hepatic lipogenic enzymes, including fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme (ME), and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase (G6PDH).…”

Cholesterol Metabolism and Its Regulation by Functional Foods

“…Studies in rats using orotic acid, a compound known for the ability to produce nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFDL) showed an increment in de novo lipogenesis from elevated FAS, ME and G6PDH activity in rat liver 26 . Other studies shown that the activity of FAS, G6PDH and MEin the liver is increased in presence of hepatic steatosis 27 .…”