Dietaryl‐arginine supplementation influences growth performance and B‐cell secretion of immunoglobulin in broiler chickens

Abstract

Our previous study has shown that high levels of l‐arginine (ARG) have reduced serum and mucosal antibody concentrations. In order to provide a better understanding in the application of ARG supplementation in the poultry industry, the study was conducted to investigate the effect of high levels of ARG on performance and B‐cell secretion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG development in broiler chickens. A total of 192 1‐day‐old male Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly allocated into 4 groups (8 replicates per group, 6 birds per replicate) fed diets containing one of four ARG concentrations (analysed): 9.8, 14.7, 19.1 and 23.4 g/kg respectively. Growth performance was measured based on body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Increasing ARG quadratically increased (p < 0.05) BWG and FI with reaching plateau at 14.7 g/kg, while linearly decreased (p < 0.05) FCR, indicating that maximal performance required ARG no more than 14.7 g/kg in diets. Serum IgG and IgM concentrations were linearly reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing ARG. Chickens fed 19.1 g/kg or 23.4 g/kg ARG had lower (p < 0.05) serum IgG or IgM than chickens fed 9.8 g/kg ARG. As for the mRNA expression of bursal IgG and IgM, they were significantly downregulated with increasing ARG (p < 0.05). Chickens on ARG (>19.1 g/kg) had a lower (p < 0.05) IgG and IgM mRNA expression than chickens fed 9.8 g/kg. Activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mRNA expression was linearly reduced with increasing ARG (p < 0.05), the transcriptional repressor B‐cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) mRNA expression was quadratically (p < 0.05) responded, and these cytokines had the lowest expression at 19.1 g/kg. ARG supplementation (>14.7 g/kg) did not significantly improve the growth performance, while it may have a potential negative regulatory effect on B‐cell‐mediated humoral immunity in chickens associated with suppression of the STAT3 expression associated with the JAK/STAT3 pathway.

Effects of Gut Microbiome and Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) on Finishing Weight of Meat Rabbits

“…Arginine is a hub precursor for the synthesis of various important metabolic molecules, including NO and polyamines, exerting regulatory roles in the host's metabolic processes (Flynn et al, 2002). Thus, it has been used to improve meat production in meat-producing animals (Hu et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2019). Conversely, gut microbiota is involved in aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) metabolism has been linked to chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disorders, which may hinder development and growth of animals (Wang et al, 2011;Agus et al, 2018).…”

Effect of Arginine Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immunity of Broilers: A Review

“…In another study Emadi et al (2010) supported the previous findings and reported that FCR improved as the arginine level was reduced from 3.35 to 1.10%. Similarly, Liu et al (2019) reported that FCR was optimum when 14.7 g/kg arginine was supplemented in the broiler diet. Ebrahimi et al (2014) reported that as the arginine supplementation in the broiler diet was increased from 100% of requirement to 183%, the FCR improved significantly.…”

“…Similarly, Jahanian and Khalifeh-Gholi (2018) reported that the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and spleen were more in birds fed 100% level of arginine. Likewise, Liu et al (2019) reported that when arginine supplementation was increased from 9.8 to 23.4 g/kg, serum immunoglobulin's (IgM and IgG) were increased. Kidd et al (2001) reported that when dietary arginine levels were decreased the antibody titer of the birds reduced significantly.…”

Systematic Review of the Interaction between Nutrition and Immunity in Livestock: Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Synthetic Amino Acids

“…Cytokines IFN-α/γ Immunoglobulin G [33] Antibody titer [23] B cells [34] Lymphocyte proliferation Basophil hypersensitivity [35] Cytokines IFN-α/γ Immunoglobulin G [36] Lymphocyte and antibody [37] Immunoglobulin A and M Cytokine INF-α Lymphocytes proliferation [38] T cells and B cells Lymphocytes CD4+ and CD8+ [39] Bacteria Immunoglobulin M [40] Immunoglobulin A regulation [41] Parasite Immunoglobulin A production [42] Pig Bacteria Immunoglobulin A CD8+ and CD4+ T cells production [43]…”