Dietary Saturated and transFatty Acids and Cholesterol and 25-Year Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease: The Seven Countries Study

Kromhout, Daan; Menotti, Alessandro; Bloemberg, Bennie; Aravanis, Christ; Blackburn, Henry; Buzina, R; Dontas, A. S.; Fidanza, F; Giaipaoli, S.; Jansen, Angelique C.M.; Karvonen, Marjatta; Katan, M.B.; Nissinen, Aulikki; Nedeljković, S; Pekkanen, Juha; Pekkarinen, Maija; Punsar, Sven; Rásänen, Leena; Simic, B. S.; Toshima, H

doi:10.1006/pmed.1995.1049

Cited by 472 publications

(276 citation statements)

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“…29 Saturated fat intake was low in both communities; 14 and 10 g/day, respectively. 30 The average intake of other macronutrients, flavonoids and total energy showed little difference. 29- 31 An overview of dietary intakes and CVD risk factors in both communities, including changes during follow up, is provided as a Web S1 and S2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Systolic Blood Pressure Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in a Farming but Not in a Fishing Community - A 40-Year Follow up of the Japanese Cohorts of the Seven Countries Study -

Hirai

Geleijnse

Adachi

et al. 2011

Circ J

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Background: Blood pressure (BP) is a strong determinant of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The strength of this association in 2 Japanese communities with different intakes of fish was investigated. Methods and Results:The analysis was carried out in the Japanese cohorts of the Seven Countries Study (Tanushimaru and Ushibuka), which were followed for 40 years. We included 1,006 subjects for whom data on baseline BP and relevant potential confounders were available. Data were analysed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. In Tanushimaru men, the systolic BP level was strongly directly related to risk of stroke and CVD mortality, with hazard ratios (HR) of 4.42 (2.02-9.70) for stroke and 3.05 (1.73-3.25) for CVD for BP levels ≥140 mmHg compared to <120 mmHg. In Ushibuka, the HR were 1.74 (0.91-3.32) for stroke mortality and 1.66 (1.01-2.75) for CVD mortality for high vs. low systolic BP. With regard to diastolic BP, the associations with stroke and CVD mortality were similar in Tanushimaru and Ushibuka subjects. Conclusions:This study showed that the well-known relationship of systolic BP with stroke and CVD mortality was more pronounced in the Japanese farming community than in the fishing community. This brings up the hypothesis that the detrimental effect of raised systolic BP could be attenuated by a high intake of fish. (Circ J 2011; 75: 1890 - 1896

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Systolic Blood Pressure Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in a Farming but Not in a Fishing Community - A 40-Year Follow up of the Japanese Cohorts of the Seven Countries Study -

Hirai

Geleijnse

Adachi

et al. 2011

Circ J

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“…It has been indicated that the saturated fatty acid content of milk and other dairy products has been an important factor in this association (Renaud & de Lorgeril, 1989;Kromhout et al, 1995) because of the relation between saturated fatty acids and plasma LDL-cholesterol levels (Pedersen et al, 2003). Other studies suggest that it is not the dairy fat but rather some other component of the milk that is responsible for the atherogenic properties of milk products (Seely, 1981;Grant, 1998;Nicolosi et al, 2001;Laugesen & Elliott, 2003;Moss & Freed, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the odd fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 in serum and adipose tissue as markers of intake of milk and dairy fat

et al. 2005

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Background: There is a need for biomarkers of dietary saturated fatty acids, because several diseases have been related to intake of these fatty acids. Objective: To examine the relation between intake of dairy fat and the proportion of pentadecanoic (15:0) and heptadecanoic (17:0) acid in serum and adipose tissue. Design: Healthy men aged 21-55 y provided serum (n ¼ 110) and adipose tissue samples (n ¼ 107) and completed both 14 days weighed records (WR) and a 180-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 acid in serum and adipose tissue as measured by gas liquid chromatography were evaluated as biomarkers for fat intake from dairy products using Pearsons correlation coefficient and the method of triads. Results: The strongest correlation coefficients were observed between total intake of dairy fat estimated from WR and relative content of 15:0 in adipose tissue (0.52, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.65) and total serum (0.43, 95% CI 0.26, 0.57). A consistent inverse association was observed between the intake of milk fat and relative serum content of 17:0. The validity coefficients observed for the intake of dairy fat estimated from weighed records, the 180-item FFQ and by the relative content of 15:0 in serum and adipose tissue were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.00), 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.67), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.67) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.82), respectively. Conclusion: Relative content of 15:0 in serum and adipose tissue may be a useful biomarker for the intake of total dairy fat, whereas FFQs and WRs may provide better estimates of the intake of fat from milk.

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“…The pioneering Seven Countries Study suggested that this dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk of coronary heart disease relative to northern European countries and the United States after a 25 year follow-up [61,62]. The traditional dietary pattern is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables, fruit, legumes, nuts and unprocessed cereals, and a moderate consumption of fish, shellfish, eggs and wine (typically during meals) [63][64][65][66].…”

Section: Assessing Adherence To a Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MedDiet pattern fits well within the current paradigm of assessing dietary patterns rather than isolated foods or nutrients. However, the MedDiet pattern has evolved from the original definition introduced by Ancel Keys in the Seven Countries Study [61,62]. Therefore, to attain a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with the proposed health benefits of the MedDiet, adherence to the dietary pattern must be quantified.…”

Section: Assessing Adherence To a Mediterranean Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet attenuates risk of frailty and sarcopenia: New insights and future directions

McClure

Villani

2017

JCSM Clinical Reports

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Sarcopenia and physical frailty are associated with progressive disability and predictive of negative health outcomes. Dietary interventions are considered the cornerstone in the management of sarcopenic symptomology and physical frailty. However few studies have investigated preventative strategies. Moreover, most studies have focused on the efficacy of individual nutrients or supplements rather than dietary patterns. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a dietary pattern that provides evidence for an association between diet quality, healthy ageing and disease prevention. The purpose of this paper was to examine, synthesise and develop a narrative review of the current literature, investigating the potential benefits associated with adherence to a MedDiet and attenuation of physical frailty and sarcopenic symptomology in older adults. We also explored the underlying mechanisms underpinning the potential benefits of the MedDiet on ameliorating physical frailty and sarcopenic symptomology. Synthesis of the reviewed literature is suggestive of a decreased risk of physical frailty and sarcopenic symptomology with greater adherence to a MedDiet. We identified the anti-inflammatory and high antioxidant components of the MedDiet as two potential biological mechanisms involved. Due to a lack of evidence from RCTs to support the proposed physiological mechanisms, we suggest investigating these observations in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) whom are vulnerable to physical frailty and disability. A number of biological mechanisms describing the pathway to disability in older adults with T2DM have been postulated with many of these mechanisms potentially mitigated with dietary interventions involving the MedDiet. Exploring these mechanisms with the use of well-designed, longer-term dietary intervention studies in older adults with an increased vulnerability to physical frailty and sarcopenia is warranted.

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Dietary Saturated and transFatty Acids and Cholesterol and 25-Year Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease: The Seven Countries Study

Cited by 472 publications

References 0 publications

Systolic Blood Pressure Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in a Farming but Not in a Fishing Community - A 40-Year Follow up of the Japanese Cohorts of the Seven Countries Study -

Systolic Blood Pressure Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in a Farming but Not in a Fishing Community - A 40-Year Follow up of the Japanese Cohorts of the Seven Countries Study -

Evaluation of the odd fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 in serum and adipose tissue as markers of intake of milk and dairy fat

Mediterranean Diet attenuates risk of frailty and sarcopenia: New insights and future directions

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