Dietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure

Holden, Robert A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03340030025022

Cited by 33 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The non-linearity in the relationship between sodium intake and the BP was previously reported in the international study especially when the covariates were properly adjusted [21]. The cutoff value of sodium intake less than 2.65 g between the first quartile and the rest of the quartiles is similar to the previously reported threshold of 100 mmol of sodium [22]. The non-linear relationship was also further supported by the finding that the comparison between groups divided by the cutoff value of 2.65 g sodium intake showed consistently significant difference in the adjusted BP levels as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a rural population in Korea

Shin

Lim

et al. 2014

Clinical Hypertension

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Background:The relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) is affected by many factors such as absolute level of sodium intake, salt sensitivity, and the accuracy or the timing of the BP measurement. There is no epidemiologic study using both ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and 24-h urine sample in a middle-aged general population. Methods: In the rural area, Yeojoo County, Gyunggi Province in South Korea, 218 subjects with age between 30 and 59 years old were measured with ABPM and 24-h urine sample. ABPM device was TM2430, and the 24-h urine sample was collected using the aliquot cup. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) score was calculated by the sum of the number of abnormal criteria other than BP. Results: For both ABPM and 24-h urine sample, 148 subject data was acceptable for the analysis by the creatinine equation and/or the completeness of collection. Age was 47.4 ± 8.3 years (range 30 to 59 years), and female was 85 (57.4%). In multiple linear regression analysis, sodium intake was not an independent factor for casual BPs and daytime BPs whereas sodium intake was an independent factor for nighttime systolic BP (β = 1.625, p = 0.0026) and nighttime diastolic BP (β = 1.066, p = 0.0017). When compared to the lowest quartiles of sodium intake, daytime diastolic BP and nighttime BPs were in the higher three quartile groups. Conclusions: Sodium intake was associated not with casual BPs and daytime BPs but with increased nighttime BPs in the middle-aged general population in Korea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a rural population in Korea

Shin

Lim

et al. 2014

Clinical Hypertension

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“…Unfortunately, a significant association between NaCl ub and total Na in take has not been identified in either our present or past studies [52], nor in work by others [53]. This study indi cates that N a C l^ use is also poorly related to total in take.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Relative contributions of dietary sodium sources.

Mattes

Donnelly

1991

Journal of the American College of Nutrition

519

301

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Information on the relative contributions of all dietary sodium (Na) sources is needed to assess the potential efficacy of manipulating the component parts in efforts to implement current recommendations to reduce Na intake in the population. The present study quantified the contributions of inherently food-borne, processing-added, table, cooking, and water sources in 62 adults who were regular users of discretionary salt to allow such an assessment. Seven-day dietary records, potable water collections, and preweighted salt shakers were used to estimate Na intake. Na added during processing contributed 77% of total intake, 11.6% was derived from Na inherent to food, and water was a trivial source. The observed table (6.2%) and cooking (5.1%) values may overestimate the contribution of these sources in the general population due to sample characteristics, yet they were still markedly lower than previously reported values. These findings, coupled with similar observations from other studies, indicate that reduction of discretionary salt will contribute little to moderation of total Na intake in the population.

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“…The non-linearity in the relationship between sodium intake and the BP was previously reported in the international study especially when the covariates were properly adjusted [ 21 ]. The cutoff value of sodium intake less than 2.65 g between the first quartile and the rest of the quartiles is similar to the previously reported threshold of 100 mmol of sodium [ 22 ]. The non-linear relationship was also further supported by the finding that the comparison between groups divided by the cutoff value of 2.65 g sodium intake showed consistently significant difference in the adjusted BP levels as shown in Figure 3 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a rural population in Korea

Shin

Lim

et al. 2014

Clin Hypertens

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BackgroundThe relationship between sodium intake and blood pressure (BP) is affected by many factors such as absolute level of sodium intake, salt sensitivity, and the accuracy or the timing of the BP measurement. There is no epidemiologic study using both ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) and 24-h urine sample in a middle-aged general population.MethodsIn the rural area, Yeojoo County, Gyunggi Province in South Korea, 218 subjects with age between 30 and 59 years old were measured with ABPM and 24-h urine sample. ABPM device was TM2430, and the 24-h urine sample was collected using the aliquot cup. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) score was calculated by the sum of the number of abnormal criteria other than BP.ResultsFor both ABPM and 24-h urine sample, 148 subject data was acceptable for the analysis by the creatinine equation and/or the completeness of collection. Age was 47.4 ± 8.3 years (range 30 to 59 years), and female was 85 (57.4%). In multiple linear regression analysis, sodium intake was not an independent factor for casual BPs and daytime BPs whereas sodium intake was an independent factor for nighttime systolic BP (β = 1.625, p = 0.0026) and nighttime diastolic BP (β = 1.066, p = 0.0017). When compared to the lowest quartiles of sodium intake, daytime diastolic BP and nighttime BPs were in the higher three quartile groups.ConclusionsSodium intake was associated not with casual BPs and daytime BPs but with increased nighttime BPs in the middle-aged general population in Korea.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2056-5909-1-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Dietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a rural population in Korea

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a rural population in Korea

Relative contributions of dietary sodium sources.

Relationship between nocturnal blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion in a rural population in Korea

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