Dietary risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in maize-based complementary breakfast food products in Nigeria

Sosan, Mosudi Babatunde; Adeleye, Adeoluwa Oluwaseyi; Oyekunle, John Adekunle Oyedele; Udah, Onehireba; Oloruntunbi, Philemon M.; Daramola, Miracle O.; Saka, Waidi T.

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05803

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Hence, they have been widely reported in food crops [1-9, 55, 72]. Some OCPs in this study such as β-HCH, Heptachlor, Endosulfan, Aldrin, Lindane, Dieldrin, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT have been previously reported in maize, beans, millet and rice in Nigeria [85][86][87][88]. Similarly, Akinneye et al [89] reported Dichlorvos, Carbofuran, Carbaryl, Diazinon, Pirimiphos-methyl, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos as the OPPs and carbamates in beans, rice, wheat and maize samples collected from Ondo State.…”

Section: Determine the Concentration Of Identified Pesticides In Grainsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Moving from Total Concentrations to Measures of Harm in Grain Sold at Selected Markets of Southwest Nigeria

Oshatunberu

Oladimeji

Henry

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Regardless of where you live or who you are, food safety is crucial for human health. Pesticide residues are commonly exposed to consumers in Nigeria through their food. What consequences, if any, such chemical pollutants cause to consumer health remain unclear given the presence of pesticide residues in food. To this end, the objective is to determine the concentration of the identified pesticide in grains commonly used by farmers, and which are available directly from the open markets in the Nigerian market. Pesticide residues were quantified through a multiresidue method using a varian 3800/4000 gas chromatograph mass spectrometer was used to analyze pesticide residues. The simultaneous determination of four classes of pesticides: carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method using sample preparation on QuEChERS-citrate, was developed and validated. The results frequently showed high inter- and intra-specific contamination, which makes sense given the target market and dietary diversity in the area. This study found that grains purchased from particular markets in southwest Nigeria contained numerous pesticide residues. The MRLs set by the EU or FAO/WHO or both were surpassed by 17 out of the total 27 pesticides reported in this work in at least one grain, despite the fact that there were no published codex MRLs for some pesticide residues in some grains.These residues were dispersed among the four classes of pesticides: carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids. In actuality, 90% of the mainly banned organochlorine pesticides exceeded MRLs. Thus, this study revealed concentration levels of organo-chloride pesticides and organo-phosphate pesticides in grain samples drawn from selected markets in southwest Nigeria. Consumers seeking high-quality food in Nigeria should take note of these facts. Notwithstanding, the small percentage of samples with detectable residues suggests that there is a need to increase the monitoring of pesticides in grains, educate farmers, and raise their awareness of the dangers of unauthorized use of pesticides that are restricted for use in agriculture, which can harm the industry's reputation as a whole.

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Section: Determine the Concentration Of Identified Pesticides In Grainsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Moving from Total Concentrations to Measures of Harm in Grain Sold at Selected Markets of Southwest Nigeria

Oshatunberu

Oladimeji

Henry

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Heptachlor should have been phased-out of agrochemical stores among the insecticides that have been banned in Nigeria. However, it is alleged that it is either marketed under various names or labels or added to other pesticides currently in use by Nigerian farmers as one of the active ingredients ( Sosan et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health risk assessments of organochlorine pesticides in some food crops from Esa-Oke farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria

Oyinloye

Oyekunle

Ogunfowokan

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Seasonal levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in yam, cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam samples collected from Esa-Oke Farm Settlement, Osun State, Nigeria were evaluated. Sampling regiment for three sites lasted four months each during the dry and wet seasons. The dried samples were extracted using Soxhlet extractor with dichloromethane (DCM) as the extraction solvent, while the identification and estimation of OCPs in the crop filtrates, after clean-up, were carried out with Gas Chromatography equipped with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-TOFMS). Ten OCPs determined in the crops had the overall seasonal mean levels that ranged from 158 ng/g (dieldrin) to 544 ng/g (heptachlor) and the seasonal mean burden per OCP occurred in the order: heptachlor epoxide (518) > heptachlor (447) > p,p'-DDE (431) > dieldrin (349) > chlordane (327) > aldrin (321) > p,p'-DDD (313) > methoxychlor (303) > endosulfan I (287) > p,p'-DDT (284) for wet season while this order was not the same for dry season of the same crop with heptachlor epoxide (415) > p,p'-DDE (373) > aldrin (305) > heptachlor (307) > methoxychlor (288) > chlordane (274) > p,p'-DDT (263) > p,p'-DDD (263) > endosulfan I (260) > dieldrin (246). For all of the OCPs, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and health risk indices (HRI) were significantly higher than the recommended values. Thus, a regular large-scale consumption of crop products from the farm settlement could result in grave public health concern in the course of time.

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“…Pesticides include dangerous agents such as organochlorine pesticides, as well as less harmful substances. Organochlorine compounds are characterized by a high ability to accumulate and a long half-life, which makes them very toxic to the human body [ 107 ]. The sources of human exposure to pesticides are meat, fish, dairy products, and drinking water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers

2021

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Infants and toddlers are highly sensitive to contaminants in food. Chronic exposure can lead to developmental delays, disorders of the nervous, urinary and immune systems, and to cardiovascular disease. A literature review was conducted mainly in PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases, and took into consideration papers published from October 2020 to March 2021. We focused on contaminant content, intake estimates, and exposure to contaminants most commonly found in foods consumed by infants and children aged 0.5–3 years. In the review, we included 83 publications with full access. Contaminants that pose a high health risk are toxic elements, acrylamide, bisphenol, and pesticide residues. Minor pollutants include: dioxins, mycotoxins, nitrates and nitrites, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In order to reduce the negative health effects of food contamination, it seems reasonable to educate parents to limit foods that are potentially dangerous for infants and young children. An appropriate varied diet, selected cooking techniques, and proper food preparation can increase the likelihood that the foods children consume are safe for their health. It is necessary to monitor food contamination, adhere to high standards at every stage of production, and improve the quality of food for children.

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Dietary risk assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in maize-based complementary breakfast food products in Nigeria

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Moving from Total Concentrations to Measures of Harm in Grain Sold at Selected Markets of Southwest Nigeria

Moving from Total Concentrations to Measures of Harm in Grain Sold at Selected Markets of Southwest Nigeria

Human health risk assessments of organochlorine pesticides in some food crops from Esa-Oke farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria

Assessment of the Risk of Contamination of Food for Infants and Toddlers

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