Dietary Restriction on Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels

Marine, N.; Hershman, Jerome M.; Maxwell, Morton H.; Dornfeld, Leslie; Schroth, Phillip

doi:10.1097/00000441-199105000-00003

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Identical starvation-induced effects have previously been reported on plasma total T 4 , T 3 and rT 3 in dogs (De Bruijne et al, 1981). Similar patterns in fT 4 and fT 3 levels during starvation have also been reported in humans; however, the levels of rT 3 were increased in humans (Vagenakis et al, 1975;Marine et al, 1991). Furthermore, other studies in humans have shown that the concentration of rT 3 does not necessarily increase with starvation, while the concentration of T 3 decreases (Einsenstein et al, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Starvation reportedly increases the level of thyroxin (T 4 ) in broiler chickens (May, 1978), decreases it in Wistar and Sprague -Dawley rats (Wimpfheimer et al, 1979;Goodman et al, 1980), but has no effect in humans (Vagenakis et al, 1975;Marine et al, 1991). In all the above-mentioned species, concentrations of total triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and/or free T 3 (fT 3 ) decline during starvation (Vagenakis et al, 1975;May, 1978;Wimpfheimer et al, 1979;Goodman et al, 1980;Marine et al, 1991). The starvation-induced lowering of T 3 has been associated with the starvation-induced reduction of resting metabolic rate (RMR), also called metabolic depression and the conservation of proteins (Cahill, 1976;Cox et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The starvation-induced lowering of T 3 has been associated with the starvation-induced reduction of resting metabolic rate (RMR), also called metabolic depression and the conservation of proteins (Cahill, 1976;Cox et al, 1984). Additionally, the concentration of reverse T 3 (rT 3 ) increases during starvation in humans (Vagenakis et al, 1975;Marine et al, 1991) and is also suggested to cause metabolic depression (Lynch et al, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormones and metabolites of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in response to season, starvation and re-feeding

Fuglei

Aanestad

Berg

2000

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Svalbard's arctic foxes experience large seasonal variations in light, temperature and food supply throughout the year, which may result in periods of starvation. The aim of this work is to investigate if there are seasonal variations in post-absorptive plasma thyroid hormones (free thyroxin (fT 4 ), free triiodothyronine (fT 3 ) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT 3 )) and metabolites (free fatty-acids (FFA) and b-hydroxybutyrate (b-OHB)) with season and their response to starvation and re-feeding. The concentrations of post-absorptive free triiodothyronine were significantly higher in November than May, while those of thyroxin, reverse triiodothyronine, free fatty-acids and b-hydroxybutyrate remained unchanged. Possible explanations for the seasonal variations in free triiodothyronine are discussed. There were no significant changes from post-absorptive concentrations of thyroxin and reverse triiodothyronine in starved and re-fed foxes. However, free triiodothyronine concentrations decreased during starvation and increased again with re-feeding both in May and November. Starvation induced high levels of free fatty acids in both May and November, indicating increased lipolysis. There was a significant increase in b-hydroxybutyrate in November only, indicating that arctic foxes are capable of protein conservation during starvation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hormones and metabolites of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in response to season, starvation and re-feeding

Fuglei

Aanestad

Berg

2000

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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“…This may be explained by a decline in serum leptin levels, which consequently leads to a decrease in serum TSH and T 3 levels (9,10,11). In addition, alterations in peripheral thyroid metabolism may also contribute to decreased serum T 3 levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, alterations in peripheral thyroid metabolism may also contribute to decreased serum T 3 levels. Indeed, some, but not all, studies have reported an increase in reverse T 3 (rT 3 ) levels during calorie restriction and fasting (11,12,13). Differences between studies on the effect of weight loss on serum rT 3 levels may be explained by differences in the study population, weight loss intervention, and time course of measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and calorie restriction induce comparable time-dependent effects on thyroid hormone function tests in obese female subjects

Lips

Pijl

Klinken

et al. 2013

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Obesity and weight loss influence thyroid hormone physiology. The effects of weight loss by calorie restriction vs Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in obese subjects have not been studied in parallel. We hypothesized that differences in transient systemic inflammation and catabolic state between the intervention types could lead to differential effects on thyroid hormone physiology. Design and methods: We recruited 12 lean and 27 obese females with normal fasting glucose (normal glucose tolerant (NGT)) and 27 obese females with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for this study. Weight loss was achieved by restrictive treatment (gastric banding or high-protein-low-calorie diet) or by RYGB. Fasting serum leptin, TSH, triiodothyronine (T 3 ), reverse T 3 (rT 3 ), and free thyroxine (fT 4 ) concentrations were measured at baseline and 3 weeks and 3 months after the start of the interventions. Results: Obesity was associated with higher TSH, T 3 , and rT 3 levels and normal fT 4 levels in all the subjects when compared with the controls. After 3 weeks, calorie restriction and RYGB induced a decline in TSH levels and a rise in rT 3 and fT 4 levels. The increase in rT 3 levels correlated with serum interleukin 8 (IL8) and IL6 levels. After 3 months, fT 4 and rT 3 levels returned to baseline levels, whereas TSH and T 3 levels were persistently decreased when compared with baseline levels. No differences in the effects on thyroid hormone parameters between the interventions or between NGT and T2DM subjects were observed at any time point. Conclusions: In summary, weight loss directly influences thyroid hormone regulation, independently of the weight loss strategy used. The effects may be explained by a combination of decreased leptin levels and transient changes in peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism.

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Hormone and somatic changes in rats pair-fed to growth retarded dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei-lesioned rats

Bellinger

Castonguay

Bernardis

1994

Brain Research Bulletin

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Dietary Restriction on Serum Thyroid Hormone Levels

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Hormones and metabolites of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in response to season, starvation and re-feeding

Hormones and metabolites of arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) in response to season, starvation and re-feeding

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and calorie restriction induce comparable time-dependent effects on thyroid hormone function tests in obese female subjects

Hormone and somatic changes in rats pair-fed to growth retarded dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei-lesioned rats

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