Dietary regulation in health and disease

Abstract

Nutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences in molecular medicine and clinical trials have demonstrated that adequate nutrition treatments are the golden criterion for extending healthspan and delaying ageing in various species such as yeast, drosophila, rodent, primate and human. It emerges to develop the precision-nutrition therapeutics to slow age-related biological processes and treat diverse diseases. However, the nutritive advantages frequently diversify among individuals as well as organs and tissues, which brings challenges in this field. In this review, we summarize the different forms of dietary interventions extensively prescribed for healthspan improvement and disease treatment in pre-clinical or clinical. We discuss the nutrient-mediated mechanisms including metabolic regulators, nutritive metabolism pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and circadian clocks. Comparably, we describe diet-responsive effectors by which dietary interventions influence the endocrinic, immunological, microbial and neural states responsible for improving health and preventing multiple diseases in humans. Furthermore, we expatiate diverse patterns of dietotheroapies, including different fasting, calorie-restricted diet, ketogenic diet, high-fibre diet, plants-based diet, protein restriction diet or diet with specific reduction in amino acids or microelements, potentially affecting the health and morbid states. Altogether, we emphasize the profound nutritional therapy, and highlight the crosstalk among explored mechanisms and critical factors to develop individualized therapeutic approaches and predictors.

Adipose tissue macrophages: implications for obesity-associated cancer

“…Likewise, CRMs, including isobacachalcone, 3,4-dimethoxychalcone, and picropodophyllin, enhance anticancer immunosurveillance and amplify the efficiency of chemoimmunotherapy [ 153 – 155 ]. Caloric restriction benefits metabolism and promotes healthy aging and lifespan in different species [ 156 , 157 ]. For example, dietary restriction activated p38 signaling and the downstream translation factor ATF-7, which acts as an immune-metabolic pathway that responds to bacterial and nutrient signals, thereby stimulating the conserved innate immunity pathway to extend the lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans [ 158 ].…”

Effect of Personalized Nutrition on Dietary, Physical Activity, and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials

“…These findings are not surprising given that health outcomes are not determined merely by gene–diet interactions. It is increasingly understood that what and how much one eats (diet/nutrients), how one eats the diet (dietary pattern, meal combinations, and sequence), when one eats (meal timing, timing restrictions), and other host factors (including gut microbial profile, health or disease condition, age, gender, behavioral and lifestyle factors) are all important in deciding the outcome of a diet for an individual [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. The results of the current review evaluated specific personalized nutrition recommendations against a control that reflected current standard practice in delivering interventions.…”

Effects of raw and hydrolysed Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass included at low level in finishing diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) on fillet quality and shelf life

“…This suggests that antimicrobial compounds of the microalgal biomass have been delivered through the experimental feeds towards sh muscle and skin, reaching a concentration enough to delaying microbial growth. In contrast to the external addition of bioactive extracts, which effects are circumscribed to the outer layer of sh, their inclusion in diets has been hypothesized to reach active levels in cells due to e cient systemic distribution of biomolecules after intestinal absorption (Wu et al, 2022). However, algae have rarely been used for this purpose (De la Fuente et al, 2014 in lambs; Sáez et al, 2020 in at sh).…”