Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids

Trumbo, Paula R.; Schlicker, Sandra A.; Yates, Allison A.; Poos, Mary I.

doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90346-9

Cited by 2,510 publications

(1,071 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Some researchers suggest that the current RDA for habitual protein intake of 0 . 8 g/kg per day (132,133) is marginal to allow lean mass accretion following resistance exercise training (99) or even insufficient for long-term maintenance of skeletal muscle mass in sedentary elderly human subjects (134) . However, others have shown that when habitual dietary protein intake is standardised at 0 .…”

Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Ageing is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leading to the loss of functional capacity and an increased risk for developing chronic metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results from a chronic disruption in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. As basal muscle protein synthesis rates are likely not different between healthy young and elderly human subjects, it was proposed that muscles from older adults lack the ability to regulate the protein synthetic response to anabolic stimuli, such as food intake and physical activity. Indeed, the doseresponse relationship between myofibrillar protein synthesis and the availability of essential amino acids and/or resistance exercise intensity is shifted down and to the right in elderly human subjects. This so-called 'anabolic resistance' represents a key factor responsible for the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass. Interestingly, long-term resistance exercise training is effective as a therapeutic intervention to augment skeletal muscle mass, and improves functional performance in the elderly. The consumption of different types of proteins, i.e. protein hydrolysates, can have different stimulatory effects on muscle protein synthesis in the elderly, which may be due to their higher rate of digestion and absorption. Current research aims to elucidate the interactions between nutrition, exercise and the skeletal muscle adaptive response that will define more effective strategies to maximise the therapeutic benefits of lifestyle interventions in the elderly. Sarcopenia: Nutrition: Exercise training: Muscle hypertrophyThe preservation of muscle function is crucial for maintaining an independent lifestyle and the capacity to perform the activities of daily living in the elderly. One of the important factors in the loss of functional performance is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing, called 'sarcopenia' (1)(2)(3) . This apparent muscle wasting in elderly human subjects occurs at a rate of about 0 . 5-1 . 0% per year starting at about 40 years of age. Lean muscle mass contributes up to about 50% of the total body mass of young adults but can decline to 25% by 75-80 years of age (4,5) . The loss of muscle mass is most notable in the lower limb muscles, with the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis reduced by as much as 40% at the age of 80 years (6) . Sarcopenia is associated with a three-to fourfold increased likelihood of disabilities and the loss of muscle mass especially in the lower limbs is associated with an increased risk of falls and impairment in the ability to perform routine activities.The loss of muscle mass is viewed as a largely inevitable and undesirable consequence of ageing (7) , with muscle loss estimated to affect 30% of people older than 60 years and >50 % of those older than 80 years (1) . Demographic studies indicate that the world's population aged 60 years and above will triple within the next 50 years, and the su...

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Section: Long-term Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Koopman

2010

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Conversely, higher protein intakes have been known to accelerate nephropathy, which is frequently observed in elderly and diabetic populations20. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein is 0.8 g/kg/day in the general population33. A protein intake of 1.0 g/kg/day was recommended for the elderly in the 2011 Taiwan Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients

Huang

Cheng

Tsai

et al. 2013

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/IntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate an appropriate level of physical activity and optimal dietary intake in older type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsThe cross‐sectional study enrolled 210 older type 2 diabetes patients. Participants were interviewed to obtain information on physical activity, 24‐h dietary recall and typical weekly dietary patterns. Anthropometric measurements, and biochemical analysis of blood and urine were determined.ResultsModerate physical activity (either moderate leisure‐time physical activity or moderate physical activity level) and diet with protein intake of ≥0.8 g/kg/day were associated with lower glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride, higher high‐density lipoprotein, lower waist circumference, body mass index and body fat, as well as better serum magnesium and albumin levels in older diabetic patients. In contrast, inadequate protein intake was correlated with higher glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride, body fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index. In addition, high physical activity with inadequate protein and magnesium intake might exacerbate magnesium deficiency, resulting in poor glycemic control in older diabetic patients. Furthermore, low physical activity and inadequate protein intake were linked with poor glycemic control, and lower high‐density lipoprotein, and higher triglyceride, body fat percentage, waist circumference and body mass index.ConclusionsModerate physical activity and adequate dietary protein intake (≥0.8 g/kg/day) might be the optimal recommendation for better metabolic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

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“…Due to the possibility that the child could present decompensations related either to infections, fasting or side effects of chemotherapy, we elaborated three different courses of treatment (Table 1): treatment 1, when the patient was stable, at home or in the hospital, intermittent enteral feeding through gastrostomy was maintained. This diet was designed according to the recommendations for children with her age and sex (Trumbo et al 2002;Dewey et al 1996) but adapted to the protein tolerance and energy expenditure of the patient in the previous months; treatment 2 was recommended during the days she received chemotherapy: it consisted on the same energy intake, half of natural protein and the same amount of amino acid-based formula. When on this regimen we used continuous feeding through gastrostomy tube, over 24 h, in order to prevent vomiting and ensure the intake.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Pharmacological Management during Chemotherapy in a Patient with Propionic Acidaemia and Rhabdomyosarcoma Botryoides

et al. 2012

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We present the nutritional and pharmacological management of a 2-year-old girl with a severe form of propionic acidaemia and a genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. This association has not been described before, nor the utilization of chemotherapy in patients with propionic acidaemia.The patient is a girl with neonatal onset of propionic acidaemia, homozygous for the c.2041-2924del3889 mutation in PCCA gene. At 23 months of age she was diagnosed with genitourinary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Conservative surgery, brachytherapy and nine cycles of chemotherapy with iphosphamide, vincristine and actinomycin were recommended by oncologists. Due to the possibility that the child could present decompensations, we elaborated three different courses of treatment: when the patient was stable (treatment 1), intermittent bolus feeding through gastrostomy, containing 70 kcal/kg/day and 1.4 g/kg/day of total protein (0.6 g/kg/day of natural protein and 0.8 g/kg/ day of amino acid-based formula) was prescribed; on the chemotherapy-days (treatment 2), diet consisted on continuous feeding, with the same energy and amino acid-based formula but half of natural protein intake; in case of decompensation (treatment 3), we increased by 10% the energy intake, and completely stopped natural protein in the diet but maintaining the amino acid-based formula. On chemotherapy-days carnitine was increased from 100 mg/kg/day to 150 mg/kg/ day, and N-carbamylglutamate was added.Through the 7 months with chemotherapy the patient did not suffer decompensations, while she maintained good nutritional status.Enteral continuous feeding by gastrostomy, amino acidbased formula, and preventive use of N-carbamylglutamate during chemotherapy-days are the principal measures we propose in these situations. Sentence Summary This article describes, for the first time, the management of a patient with propionic acidaemia through 7 months with chemotherapy. Enteral continuous feeding, amino acid-based formula, and preventive use of N-carbamylglutamate during the days of chemotherapy are the principal measures we propose in these situations. AbbreviationsE. Martín-Hernández : P. Quijada-Fraile : L. Oliveros-Leal :

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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein and Amino Acids

Cited by 2,510 publications

References 4 publications

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Dietary protein and exercise training in ageing

Appropriate physical activity and dietary intake achieve optimal metabolic control in older type 2 diabetes patients

Nutritional and Pharmacological Management during Chemotherapy in a Patient with Propionic Acidaemia and Rhabdomyosarcoma Botryoides

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