Dietary Ratio of (n-6)/(n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Alters the Fatty Acid Composition of Bone Compartments and Biomarkers of Bone Formation in Rats

Watkins, Bruce A.; Li, Yong; Allen, Kim; Hoffmann, Walter; Seifert, Mark F.

doi:10.1093/jn/130.9.2274

Cited by 233 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Nutrition, including dietary fat, is related to molecular markers of bone remodeling and may contribute to the risk of bone-related diseases, which is supported by our findings (Watkins et al 2000;Seibel 2002). Several genes studied were significantly different between HFD and ND rats, a result supporting the findings of Xiao et al (2010Xiao et al ( , 2011 analyzing the gene expression between male mice fed HFD or ND.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Gene expression profile in bone of diabetes-prone BB/OK rats fed a high-fat diet

et al. 2012

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A high-fat diet (HFD) has been recognized as a risk factor for diseases such as dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, obesity, and osteoporosis. However, studies analyzing gene expression after HFD in bone are rare. That prompted us to analyze the expression of selected genes in bone of 4-week-old diabetes-prone B(io)B(reeding) rats. Two breeding pairs were fed a HFD (?10 % tallow) or were fed a normal diet (ND; Ssniff R-Z) before mating and afterward during pregnancy. After the birth of progeny, parents continued to be given HFD or ND until the progeny was weaned (3 weeks). Thereafter, offspring were weaned and were fed the same food as their parents up to an age of 4 weeks. Body weight was measured at an age of 4 weeks, and subsequently 13 HFD rats and 13 ND rats were killed and the tibial bone was harvested to analyze the expression of 53 genes in bone. All rats fed HFD were significantly heavier than rats fed ND after 3 and 4 weeks. The diet also influenced the expression of genes in bone. There were significant differences in 20 out of 53 genes studied between rats fed HFD compared with rats fed ND. Four out of 20 had a lower and 17 out of 20 genes a higher expression in HFD rats, but differences in gene expression showed obvious differences between males and females. There were only two genes that were similarly different between males and females: Bmp4 and Atf4. Two genes, Foxg1 and Npy, were inversely expressed in males and females. It seems that the gene expression is differently regulated by diet during pregnancy and later in life between males and females. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that HFD also acts as an epigenetic factor in the development of offspring in utero.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Gene expression profile in bone of diabetes-prone BB/OK rats fed a high-fat diet

et al. 2012

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“…Recent investigations indicate that the type and amount of PUFA influence bone formation and osteoblastic cell functions (Watkins et al, 2003), with evidence of an adverse effect for omega-6 PUFA (Watkins et al, 2000;Macdonald et al, 2004). Also, the intake of omega-6 fatty acids has been previously shown to be associated with a lower bone mineral density, and a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 has been reported to be detrimental for bone formation (Albertazzi and Coupland, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly

et al. 2007

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Objective: To explore the association between fat intake, serum lipids and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. Design: A hospital-based case-control study. Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary centre and referral hospital for the province of Jaén (Spain). Subjects: Cases (n ¼ 167) were patients aged 65 years or more with a low-energy fracture selected from the population attended at the hospital. Controls (patients without antecedents of any fracture) were 1:1 matched to cases by sex and age (n ¼ 167). Methods: Diet was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were also measured. Results: Participants in the two upper quartiles of polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) intake showed an increased risk of fracture, with statistically significant differences with respect to the first quartile in the adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 3.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.06-12.1 and OR ¼ 5.88; 95% CI ¼ 1.38-25.02); P ¼ 0.01 for the trend test). A higher ratio of monounsaturated fat (MUFA) to PUFA was associated with a reduced risk of fracture (OR ¼ 0.20; 95% CI ¼ 0.07-0.60 for the fourth quartile; P ¼ 0.002 for the trend test). The intake of omega-6 fatty acids was associated with an elevated risk of fracture (OR ¼ 3.41; 95% CI ¼ 1.05-11.15 for the fourth quartile; P ¼ 0.01 for the trend test). HDL-cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the risk of fracture (test for trend P ¼ 0.03 across quartiles). Conclusions: PUFA intake was associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, whereas a high ratio of MUFA:PUFA was associated with decreased risk.

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“…The effect of PUFAs might be exerted via modulation and reduction of PGE 2 synthesis, reducing inflammation and affecting ALP activity [2,59].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…PGE 2 also promotes the expression of various IGF-binding proteins [77,80,82] suggesting that PGE 2 could keep IGF available for stimulation of osteoblasts at a later phase of bone remodeling [77]. McCarthy et al [48] suggested that the ability of PGE 2 to enhance osteoblastic IGF-I synthesis could explain its anabolic potential, and furthermore suggests a role for PGE 2 in coupled bone remodeling. The anabolic effects of PGE 2 may occur through stimulation of endogenous IGF-I production by osteoblasts [83] or by increased bone cell responsiveness to IGF-I [84].…”

Section: Effects Of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past years the body of evidence to support the notion that dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) with a chain length longer than 18C, are beneficial for bone health [2][3][4] has been growing. Very early research showed that a deficiency in LCPUFAs could affect bone: In 1931 Figure 1: A simplified diagram of the differentiation of (A) osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts and (B) osteoblast precursors into osteoblasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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