Dietary Protein Requirement Threshold and Micronutrients Profile in Healthy Older Women Based on Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass

Abstract

Although multiple nutrients have shown protective effects with regard to preserving muscle function, the recommended amount of dietary protein and other nutrients profile on older adults for maintenance of high muscle mass is still debatable. The aims of this paper were to: (1) identify dietary differences between older women with low and high relative skeletal muscle mass, and (2) identify the minimal dietary protein intake associated with high relative skeletal muscle mass and test the threshold ability to determine an association with skeletal muscle phenotypes. Older women (n = 281; 70 ± 7 years, 65 ± 14 kg), with both low and high relative skeletal muscle mass groups, completed a food questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass (FFM), biceps brachii thickness, vastus lateralis anatomical cross-sectional area (VLACSA), handgrip strength (HGS), maximum elbow flexion torque (MVCEF), maximum knee extension torque (MVCKE), muscle quality (HGS/Body mass), and fat mass were measured. Older women with low relative skeletal muscle mass had a lower daily intake of protein, iodine, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Vit E, manganese, milk, fish, nuts and seeds (p < 0.05) compared to women with high relative skeletal muscle mass. The minimum required dietary protein intake for high relative skeletal muscle mass was 1.17 g/kg body mass/day (g/kg/d) (sensitivity: 0.68; specificity: 0.62). Women consuming ≥1.17 g/kg/d had a lower BMI (B = −3.9, p < 0.001) and fat mass (B = −7.8, p < 0.001), and a higher muscle quality (B = 0.06, p < 0.001). The data indicate that to maintain muscle mass and function, older women should consume ≥1.17 g/kg/d dietary protein, through a varied diet including milk, fish and nuts that also contain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and micronutrients such as iodine, Vit E and manganese.

The relationship between the severity of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) in adults with IDDs and eating and drinking problems and nutritional status

“…As all participants had sedentary activity (data not shown), this result is consistent with the weight status of adults with IDDs. Likewise, it is also consistent with the MUAC measurement (a muscle mass indicator) results (Hu et al 2021) as muscle mass is related to daily dietary energy, protein, folate, vitamin E, calcium and polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes (Seo et al 2013;Khanal et al 2021;Yeung et al 2021). Neither MUAC nor relevant nutrients were different across the groups.…”

Sarcopenia, Obesity, and Sarcopenic Obesity: Relationship with Skeletal Muscle Phenotypes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

“…Procedures for body composition, muscle size, functional tests, and genotyping are described in detail elsewhere [38,42], with a brief overview provided below.…”

The role of zinc on nutritional status, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults: a scoping review

“…A majority of the studies (88%) 16–29 , 32–49 , 51–53 , 56 , 57 , 59–61 , 63 , 64 were published after 2010, with the earliest publication being in 2001. 50 The studies were conducted primarily in Europe (n = 18), 17 , 18 , 22 , 26 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 41–43 , 46 , 48 , 51 , 56 , 58–60 15 were conducted in Asia. 23 , 24 , 27 , 30 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 57 , 61 , 63 , 64 Seven studies each were from North America 19 , 25 , 31 , 44 , 52 , 53 , 62 and Australasia, 20 , 21 , 37 , 40 , 50 , 54 , 55 and the remaining 2 st...…”

“…In most studies, the target populations were community-dwelling older adults (n = 33). 17 , 18 , 20–25 , 27 , 29 , 31–33 , 35–40 , 42–46 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 55–57 , 60 , 62 , 63 Institutionalized older adults participated in 9 studies. 16 , 19 , 28 , 30 , 34 , 48 , 54 , 59 , 61 Three studies used both community-dwelling and institutionalized older adults as their study population.…”