Dietary protein, lipid and insect meal on growth, plasma biochemistry and hepatic immune expression of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

Growth performance, hepatic gene expression, and plasma biochemistry of rainbow trout fed full-fat meal, defatted meal, oil and chitin from black soldier flies

“…In this research, the 10 % full-fat diet had slightly higher levels of CK (non-significant) in the plasma biochemistry when compared to the control diet. BSF in the present study did not affect glutamate dehydrogenase levels in the plasma of rainbow trout and this was also found in studies that fed 5 % full-fat BSF to lake whitefish [ 11 ]. The BSF diets in the present study were formulated with similar protein levels which resulted in the total protein and urea in the plasma analysis remaining unaffected (p=0.836 and 0.646, respectively).…”

“…Another study found that feeding BSF to Atlantic salmon down-regulated expression of head kidney leukocyte antioxidants and stress-related genes with or without bacterial (LPS) and viral (Poly I:C) mimics [ 10 ]. Additional research found heat shock proteins ( HSP ) typically involved in regulating metabolic activity and immune signalling to be significantly down-regulated as a result of feeding lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) a 5 % full-fat BSF diet [ 11 ]. Another study observed activation of stress and immune response genes tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF- α) and IL-10 in the intestine of rainbow trout fed a 25 % and 50 % BSF inclusion diet [ 12 ].…”