Dietary protein intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies

Shang, Xianwen; Scott, David; Hodge, Allison; English, Dallas R.; Giles, Graham G.; Ebeling, Peter R.; Sanders, Kerrie M.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.140954

Cited by 103 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The PP diets were shown to reduce the incidence of T2DM and cardiovascular disease, while AP diets increased such incidences. [5][6][7][8]38 Unexpectedly, the present data showed a similar improvement in glycaemic and metabolic control in both dietary groups. Although the metabolic improvement might have been attributable to the dietary intervention and moderate weight loss per se, the absence of major differences between the AP and PP groups indicates that the protein composition did not affect the response to the intervention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The PP diets were shown to reduce the incidence of T2DM and cardiovascular disease, while AP diets increased such incidences . Unexpectedly, the present data showed a similar improvement in glycaemic and metabolic control in both dietary groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The present study therefore supports the use of high AP or PP diets in the short term. In view of the unfavourable results with AP as compared to PP in epidemiological studies, [4][5][6][7][8]11,50 explanations targeting differences in behaviour, phytochemical content, carbohydrate and fat quality or other confounders might deserve attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on metabolic and cardiovascular markers in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

Sucher

Markova

Hornemann

et al. 2017

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aim:To compare high animal protein (AP) with high plant protein (PP) diets, differing in amino acid composition, in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and methods:We compared isocaloric diets containing 30% of energy either as AP or PP, using newly developed PP-enriched foods, both combined with 30% energy as fat and 40% as carbohydrates in 44 patients with T2DM over 6 weeks in a randomized parallel-group study. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps and cardiovascular variables were measured.Results: Uric acid decreased in both groups, but significantly more in the AP than the PP group.There were no significant differences in other variables, although glycated haemoglobin levels, diastolic blood pressure and fasting non-esterified fatty acid levels improved significantly in the PP but not in the AP group. Insulin sensitivity (M-value), C-reactive protein and fasting glucose improved significantly in the AP but not in the PP group. Total and LDL cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both groups, and the urinary albumin excretion rate decreased from baseline in participants with microalbuminuria. Conclusions:Isocaloric diets high in AP or PP allow similar improvements in metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors in people with T2DM, indicating that the differences in amino acid composition do not affect the metabolic responses to the interventions. K E Y W O R D Sanimal protein, plant protein, type 2 diabetes

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on metabolic and cardiovascular markers in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

Sucher

Markova

Hornemann

et al. 2017

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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“…In the last few years many studies started to questioning the effects of animal (e.g., meat and dairy products) and plant (e.g., grains and legumes) proteins intake on risk to develop cardiovascular disease and cancer [112,113]. In a recent meta-analysis proteins intake from plants is associated with a decrease risk of diabetes, whereas animal proteins with an increase of it [114,115].…”

Section: High Protein Diet In Nafld Cure or Disease?mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Protein Diet and Metabolic Plasticity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Myths and Truths

2019

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by lipid accumulation within the liver affecting 1 in 4 people worldwide. As the new silent killer of the twenty-first century, NAFLD impacts on both the request and the availability of new liver donors. The liver is the first line of defense against endogenous and exogenous metabolites and toxins. It also retains the ability to switch between different metabolic pathways according to food type and availability. This ability becomes a disadvantage in obesogenic societies where most people choose a diet based on fats and carbohydrates while ignoring vitamins and fiber. The chronic exposure to fats and carbohydrates induces dramatic changes in the liver zonation and triggers the development of insulin resistance. Common believes on NAFLD and different diets are based either on epidemiological studies, or meta-analysis, which are not controlled evidences; in most of the cases, they are biased on test-subject type and their lifestyles. The highest success in reverting NAFLD can be attributed to diets based on high protein instead of carbohydrates. In this review, we discuss the impact of NAFLD on body metabolic plasticity. We also present a detailed analysis of the most recent studies that evaluate high-protein diets in NAFLD with a special focus on the liver and the skeletal muscle protein metabolisms.

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“…The present study also confirmed that higher intakes of total protein, animal protein, animal fat and SFA were only significantly associated with the development of diabetes mellitus in the obese group. Similarly, total protein and animal protein intake are risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus, based on the findings of European and American studies, as well as a meta‐analysis. It is possible that amino acids reduce the endocrine function of the pancreas, act as gluconeogenic precursors in the liver and increase insulin resistance through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of nutrient intakes with obesity and diabetes mellitus in the longitudinal medical surveys of Japanese Americans

Sugihiro

Yoneda

Ohno

et al. 2019

J of Diabetes Invest

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Aims/Introduction Our previous survey of two Japanese populations, with different lifestyles but identical genetic dispositions, showed that Japanese Americans had different dietary intakes and higher prevalences of obesity and diabetes mellitus, compared with the native Japanese population. The present study examined whether Westernized dietary habits could affect the development of obesity or diabetes. Materials and methods This study included 765 individuals with normal glucose tolerance at baseline medical examinations (1986 or 1989 in Los Angeles and in 1988 or 1992 in Hawaii) who subsequently completed follow‐up medical examinations several years later. The participants were categorized at baseline as “lean” (576 individuals, body mass index of <25 kg/m2) or “obese” (189 individuals, body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2). Nutrient intakes were analyzed for associations with the development of obesity or diabetes using Cox's proportional hazard model. Results A total of 41 lean participants developed diabetes, which was not associated with any nutrient intakes (mean follow up 10.8 ± 6.6 years). A total of 36 obese participants developed diabetes, which was positively associated with intakes of animal protein, animal fat and saturated fatty acid (mean follow up 10.7 ± 6.3 years). A total of 85 lean participants became obese, which was positively associated with intakes of simple carbohydrates, sugar and fructose, as well as inversely associated with intakes of vegetable protein and complex carbohydrates (mean follow up 10.4 ± 6.5 years). Conclusions In the Japanese Americans, different nutrient intakes affected the development of obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, the associations of nutrient intakes with diabetes development varied according to the presence or absence of obesity.

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Dietary protein intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study and a meta-analysis of prospective studies

Cited by 103 publications

References 36 publications

Comparison of the effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on metabolic and cardiovascular markers in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

Comparison of the effects of diets high in animal or plant protein on metabolic and cardiovascular markers in type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

High Protein Diet and Metabolic Plasticity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Myths and Truths

Associations of nutrient intakes with obesity and diabetes mellitus in the longitudinal medical surveys of Japanese Americans

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