Dietary Polyphenols in Prevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent disease affecting males in many Western countries, with an estimated 29,480 deaths in 2014 in the US alone. Incidence rates for prostate cancer deaths have been decreasing since the early 1990s in men of all races/ethnicities, though they remain about 60% higher in African Americans than in any other group. The relationship between dietary polyphenols and the prevention of prostate cancer has been examined previously. Although results are sometimes inconsistent and variable, there is a general agreement that polyphenols hold great promise for the future management of prostate cancer. Various dietary components, including polyphenols, have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties. Generally considered as non-toxic, dietary polyphenols act as key modulators of signaling pathways and are therefore considered ideal chemopreventive agents. Besides possessing various anti-tumor properties, dietary polyphenols also contribute to epigenetic changes associated with the fate of cancer cells and have emerged as potential drugs for therapeutic intervention. Polyphenols have also been shown to affect post-translational modifications and microRNA expressions. This article provides a systematic review of the health benefits of selected dietary polyphenols in prostate cancer, especially focusing on the subclasses of polyphenols, which have a great effect on disease prevention and treatment.

MtDNA depleted PC3 cells exhibit Warburg effect and cancer stem cell features

“…In the year 2014, 220,800 new PCa cases were diagnosed in United States and 29,480 PCa patients died of the disease [1]. PCa usually begins with androgen-dependent growth with positive androgen receptor (AR+) expression, showing sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) [2, 3].…”

Hydroxytyrosol Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Suppresses Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer Cells

“…This is largely due to epidemiological studies connecting consumption of certain foods with reduced cancer incidence. In context of prostate cancer, dietary polyphenols have been proposed as promising candidates for future clinical management (3). These non-toxic, well-tolerated compounds are key modulators of several signaling pathways (4) and a renewed interest in them can be attributed to their activity against stem cells, microRNAs as well as the epigenetic changes (3; 5).…”

“…In context of prostate cancer, dietary polyphenols have been proposed as promising candidates for future clinical management (3). These non-toxic, well-tolerated compounds are key modulators of several signaling pathways (4) and a renewed interest in them can be attributed to their activity against stem cells, microRNAs as well as the epigenetic changes (3; 5). Epidemiological studies have also suggested a decreased risk of cancer in populations with high olive intake (6) and there has been an interest in evaluating traditional Mediterranean diet, with abundance of olive oil consumption, for possible reduced prostate cancer risk (7).…”

Resveratrol: A miraculous natural compound for diseases treatment

“…Several studies suggest that natural polyphenol compounds have a great effect on cancer protection (Howe et al., 1992). These compounds that are secondary metabolites in plants and polyphenol diet have shown promising against cancer (Lall, Syed, Adhami, Khan, & Mukhtar, 2015). RSV as a polyphenolic compound in plants has a broad protective activity against several types of cancer.…”