Dietary polyphenols decrease glucose uptake by human intestinal Caco‐2 cells

Abstract

The effect of different classes of dietary polyphenols on intestinal glucose uptake was investigated using polarised Caco-2 intestinal cells. Glucose uptake into cells under sodiumdependent conditions was inhibited by flavonoid glycosides and non-glycosylated polyphenols whereas aglycones and phenolic acids were without effect. Under sodium-free conditions, aglycones and non-glycosylated polyphenols inhibited glucose uptake whereas glycosides and phenolic acids were ineffective. These data suggest that aglycones inhibit facilitated glucose uptake whereas glycosides inhibit the active transport of glucose. The non-glycosylated dietary polyphenols appear to exert their effects via steric hindrance, and (À)-epigallochatechingallate, (À)-epichatechingallate and (À)-epigallochatechin are effective against both transporters.

Use of dark chocolate for diabetic patients: a review of the literature and current evidence

“…Similarly to acarbose, the epicatechin and catechin in dark chocolate inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity [13]. These compounds have also been shown to inhibit absorption of glucose from the intestine [13].…”

“…In in vivo studies, diabetic rat models confirmed the insulin-sensitizing effect of dark chocolate. In two such studies, epicatechin increased insulin secretion and regenerated pancreatic β-cells [13–15]. Similarly, supplementation of diabetic rats with cocoa extract for four weeks was dose-dependently associated with reduced serum glucose, post-prandial hyperglycemia, atherogenic lipid levels, insulin resistance, and 8-isoprostane, a biomarker of oxidative stress [14–17].…”

Berries and anthocyanins: promising functional food ingredients with postprandial glycaemia-lowering effects

“…Consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods has been associated with beneficial effects on metabolic biomarkers in human subjects, including postprandial concentrations of glucose, insulin, free fatty acids and gastrointestinal hormones such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (70)(71)(72)(73)(74) . There is increasing evidence for a potential role for dietary anthocyanins in glucose homeostasis, but there is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms by which these effects are exerted.…”

“…Johnston et al tested the effect of polyphenols on glucose transport in the Caco-2 cell line. Although no berry-specific anthocyanins were tested, it was one of the first studies suggesting competitive inhibition of SGLT1 and inhibition of GLUT2 in a cellular model of the human intestinal lining (73) . Manzano and Williamson (61) monitored the rate of apical glucose uptake and basolateral GLUT2-mediated glucose transport, showing that strawberry extract is able to hinder translocation to a much larger extent within Na + -free conditions (GLUT2), although transport was also inhibited during Na + -dependent conditions (SGLT1 and GLUT2), suggesting that the inhibition of GLUT2 was greater than the inhibition of SGLT1.…”

Antioxidant Effects of Alperujo Extract (Arbequina and Frantoio Varieties) on MIN6 <i>β</i>-Cells Subjected to Stress with Glucose or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>

“…Furthermore, the challenge lasting more than 3 days with AE tended to decrease MIN6 β-cell glucose uptake. Johnston et al [35] demonstrated that certain dietary polyphenols decrease Caco-2 cell glucose uptake, through non-competitive inhibition of GLUT-2 transporters. This finding was confirmed by Kwon et al [36] and Song et al [37].…”