Dietary Polyphenol Intake is Associated with HDL-Cholesterol and A Better Profile of other Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: A PREDIMED-Plus Sub-Study

Abstract

Dietary polyphenol intake is associated with improvement of metabolic disturbances. The aims of the present study are to describe dietary polyphenol intake in a population with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to examine the association between polyphenol intake and the components of MetS. This cross-sectional analysis involved 6633 men and women included in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterranea-Plus) study. The polyphenol content of foods was estimated from the Phenol-Explorer 3.6 database. The mean of total polyphenol intake was 846 ± 318 mg/day. Except for stilbenes, women had higher polyphenol intake than men. Total polyphenol intake was higher in older participants (>70 years of age) compared to their younger counterparts. Participants with body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 reported lower total polyphenol, flavonoid, and stilbene intake than those with lower BMI. Total polyphenol intake was not associated with a better profile concerning MetS components, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), although stilbenes, lignans, and other polyphenols showed an inverse association with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides. A direct association with HDL-c was found for all subclasses except lignans and phenolic acids. To conclude, in participants with MetS, higher intake of several polyphenol subclasses was associated with a better profile of MetS components, especially HDL-c.

The Association between Salt Taste Perception, Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…A meta-analysis including 33,847 individuals showed that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduced the risk of MetS by 19% [71]. In addition, higher intake of some polyphenols, which have been suggested to be partly responsible for the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet, showed an inverse association with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides [72].…”

Mediterranean Diet Nutrients to Turn the Tide against Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases

“…Given the similar effects of EVOO and nuts supplementations on HDL quality, it is quite possible that this is an added value of the MedDiet, that focuses on whole foods and nutrients combination. More recently, a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of overweight and obese participants enrolled in the PREDIMED-Plus trial emphasized the effects of dietary polyphenol intake and polyphenol subclasses on individual components of the metabolic syndrome, including, among others, plasma lipid abnormalities [215]. Positive associations were found between HDL levels and all polyphenol classes except for phenolic acid and lignan intake [215].…”

“…More recently, a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of overweight and obese participants enrolled in the PREDIMED-Plus trial emphasized the effects of dietary polyphenol intake and polyphenol subclasses on individual components of the metabolic syndrome, including, among others, plasma lipid abnormalities [215]. Positive associations were found between HDL levels and all polyphenol classes except for phenolic acid and lignan intake [215]. Similar positive associations between HDL and total polyphenol intake were also found in patients with T2D [216], and elderly non-diabetic patients at high CVD risk [217], reinforcing the protective or therapeutic effects of the MedDiet on lipid abnormalities under different IR-related situations.…”

Dietary Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review

“…Regarding the prevention of MetS, Godos et al also conducted a meta-analysis to demonstrate the preventive role of the promotion of healthy dietary patterns to reduce the prevalence of MetS [ 15 ]. Furthermore, some sub-studies from the PREDIMED-Plus cohort showed associations between some dietary components of the traditional Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and improvement in MetS components [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The aim of the present review was to analyze the potential benefits of different dietary approaches on MetS status and their use as efficient strategies to prevent and treat MetS and its comorbidities.…”