Dietary polydextrose and galactooligosaccharide increase exploratory behavior, improve recognition memory, and alter neurochemistry in the young pig

Fleming, Stephen A.; Monaikul, Supida; Patsavas, Alexander J.; Waworuntu, Rosaline; Berg, Brian M.; Dilger, Ryan N.

doi:10.1080/1028415x.2017.1415280

Cited by 42 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In contrast to our study, prebiotic supplementation had no effect on social interaction, however, the GOS: FOS receiving mice showed significantly increased number of prosocial events [2]. Other prebiotic mixtures also have behavioural modulatory capacities; juvenile rats and young pigs exposed to a prebiotic mixture of polydextrose and GOS showed reduced stress-induced behaviour and improved explorative behaviour, respectively [9,10]. These behavioural changes were accompanied with increased Lactobacillus spp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

“…As SCFAs are fermentation products from scGOS:lcFOS and SCFAs have been shown to reduce anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviour in mice [58], these mediators might play a role in the behavioural changes observed in our study. How this communication between the SCFAs and the brain occurs is unknown, however, signalling through the vagus nerve [10] or improved integrity of the blood brain barrier could play a role [59]. In the central nervous system, SCFAs (among others) play a role in the homeostasis of microglia cells, macrophage-like cells in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prebiotic mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) (1:1) reduced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviour in adult mice [2]. Moreover, a prebiotic mixture of polydextrose and GOS administered during early life, diminished stress-induced behaviour in juvenile rats, improved recognition memory and increased explorative behaviour in young pigs [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides from birth onwards improve social and reduce anxiety-like behaviour in male BALB/c mice

Szklany

Wopereis

Waard

et al. 2019

Nutritional Neuroscience

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2019): Supplementation of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides from birth onwards improve social and reduce anxiety-like behaviour in male BALB/c mice, Nutritional Neuroscience, ABSTRACT Objective:The intestinal microbiota is acknowledged to be essential in brain development and behaviour. Their composition can be modulated by prebiotics such as short-chain galactooligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharide (lcFOS). Several studies reported potential health benefit of prebiotics on behaviour. As the prebiotic mixture of scGOS and lcFOS is included in infant formula, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with this specific mixture from the day of birth onwards on behaviour and intestinal microbiota development in mice. Method: Healthy male BALB/cByJ mice received, from day of birth, a dietary supplement with or without 3% scGOS:lcFOS (9:1). Behavioural tests were performed pre-weaning, in adolescence, early adulthood and adulthood. We assessed faecal microbiota compositions over time, caecal short-chain fatty acids as well as brain mRNA expression of Htr1a, Htr1b and Tph2 and monoamine levels. Results: Compared to control fed mice, scGOS:lcFOS fed mice showed reduced anxiety-like and repetitive behaviour over time and improved social behaviour in adulthood. The serotonergic system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and somatosensory cortex (SSC) was affected by the scGOS: lcFOS. In the PFC, mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) was enhanced in scGOS:lcFOS fed mice. Although the bacterial diversity of the intestinal microbiota was unaffected by the scGOS:lcFOS diet, microbiota composition differed between the scGOS:lcFOS and the control fed mice over time. Moreover, an increased saccharolytic and decreased proteolytic fermentation activity were observed in caecum content. Discussion: Supplementing the diet with scGOS:lcFOS from the day of birth is associated with reduced anxiety-like and improved social behaviour during the developmental period and later in life, and modulates the composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota in healthy male BALB/c mice. These data provide further evidence of the potential impact of scGOS:lcFOS on behaviour at several developmental stages throughout life and strengthen the insights in the interplay between the developing intestine and brain.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplementation of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides from birth onwards improve social and reduce anxiety-like behaviour in male BALB/c mice

Szklany

Wopereis

Waard

et al. 2019

Nutritional Neuroscience

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“…There is mounting evidence that components of human milk such as DHA [ 4 ], choline [ 5 ], and gangliosides [ 6 ] support brain development, and emerging research suggests milk oligosaccharides (ranging from 3–32 monosaccharide units in length [ 7 ]) may contribute to brain development as well [ 8 ]. Some milk oligosaccharides may act as prebiotics [ 8 ], and we recently demonstrated that pigs fed a combination of prebiotics demonstrated increased exploratory behavior and improved recognition memory [ 9 ]. Milk oligosaccharides are a heterogeneous group of oligosaccharides with diverse functions largely related to immunity and gut physiology [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Sialyllactose Does Not Influence Measures of Recognition Memory or Diurnal Activity in the Young Pig

et al. 2018

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Sialic acid (SA) is an integral component of gangliosides and signaling molecules in the brain and its dietary intake may support cognitive development. We previously reported that feeding sialyllactose, a milk oligosaccharide that contains SA, alters SA content and diffusivity in the pig brain. The present research sought to expand upon such results and describe the effects of feeding sialyllactose on recognition memory and sleep/wake activity using a translational pig model. Pigs were provided ad libitum access to a customized milk replacer containing 0 g/L or 380 g/L of sialyllactose from postnatal day (PND) 2–22. Beginning on PND 15, pigs were fitted with accelerometers to track home-cage activity and testing on the novel object recognition task began at PND 17. There were no significant effects of diet on average daily body weight gain, average daily milk intake, or the gain-to-feed ratio during the study (all p ≥ 0.11). Pigs on both diets were able to display recognition memory on the novel object recognition task (p < 0.01), but performance and exploratory behavior did not differ between groups (all p ≥ 0.11). Total activity and percent time spent sleeping were equivalent between groups during both day and night cycles (all p ≥ 0.56). Dietary sialyllactose did not alter growth performance of young pigs, and there was no evidence that providing SA via sialyllactose benefits the development of recognition memory or gross sleep-related behaviors.

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“…Comparison data are lacking in the pig model, but the use of maternal prebiotics can impact the progeny's growth, intestinal microbiota, morphology and immunity in pigs (Le Bourgot et al, 2014. The use of dietary prebiotics early in life in piglets also supported recognition memory and modulated the concentrations of SCFAs in the colon, blood and the brain, as well as hippocampal serotonin (Fleming et al, 2017). Interestingly, we recently showed that oral supplementation of butyrate might shape brain activity and plasticity .…”

Section: Impact Of Nutritional Preventive or Therapeutic Strategies Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Impact of food, gut–brain signals and metabolic status on brain activity in the pig model: 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging

Val‐Laillet

2019

Animal

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The purpose of this review is to offer a panorama on 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging in the pig model. First, we will review some work describing the brain responses to food signals, including basic tastants such as sweet and bitter at both oral and visceral levels, as well as conditioned preferred and aversive flavours. Second, we will have a look at the impact of weight gain and obesity on brain metabolism and functional responses, drawing the parallel with obese human patients. Third, we will evoke the concept of the developmental origins of health and diseases, and how the pig model can shed light on the importance of maternal nutrition during gestation and lactation for the development of the gut-brain axis and adaptation abilities of the progeny to nutritional environments. Finally, three examples of preventive or therapeutic strategies will be introduced: the use of sensory food ingredients or pre-, pro-, and postbiotics to improve metabolic and cognitive functions; the implementation of chronic vagus nerve stimulation to prevent weight gain and glucose metabolism alterations; and the development of bariatric surgery in the pig model for the understanding of its complex mechanisms at the gut-brain level. A critical conclusion will brush the limitations of neurocognitive studies in the pig model and put in perspective the rationale and ethical concerns underlying the use of pig experimentation in nutrition and neurosciences. ImplicationsThe purpose of this review is to offer a panorama on 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging in the pig model, and to improve the understanding of the gut-brain axis factors modulating brain activity. This research has implications in the context of animal and human nutrition and health, covering the scope of animal production as well as translational medicine. In addition to the original insight these provide in neurocognitive and developmental sciences, the scientific studies presented here are valuable for the development of new preventive, diagnosis and therapeutics solutions to fight against nutritional and behavioural disorders.

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Dietary polydextrose and galactooligosaccharide increase exploratory behavior, improve recognition memory, and alter neurochemistry in the young pig

Abstract: These findings suggest that early life consumption of PDX/GOS supports recognition memory as measured by NOR while modulating the concentrations of VFAs in the colon, blood, and brain, as well as hippocampal serotonin.

Cited by 42 publications

References 73 publications

Supplementation of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides from birth onwards improve social and reduce anxiety-like behaviour in male BALB/c mice

Supplementation of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides from birth onwards improve social and reduce anxiety-like behaviour in male BALB/c mice

Dietary Sialyllactose Does Not Influence Measures of Recognition Memory or Diurnal Activity in the Young Pig

Review: Impact of food, gut–brain signals and metabolic status on brain activity in the pig model: 10 years of nutrition research using in vivo brain imaging

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