Dietary (Poly)phenols and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies

Godos, Justyna; Micek, Agnieszka; Mena, Pedro; Del Rio, Daniele; Galvano, Fabio; Castellano, Sabrina; Grosso, Giuseppe

doi:10.1002/mnfr.202300472

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Potential candidates meeting these conditions are phytochemicals, which, through regulation of normal brain function and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory effects, influence mood and mental health [45]. Dietary polyphenols have been proven to enhance cognitive ability [24]. Numerous experimental, preclinical, and clinical studies have revealed the therapeutic antidepressant potential of various phytochemicals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, some of them may exhibit hepatoprotective, immunosuppressive, antiplatelet, cardiovascular, antimutagenic, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and hypotensive activity and may also restructure the gut microbiome [22,23]. They exert a broad spectrum of biological activities that may prevent or support the treatment of many diseases [22], and the evidence from observational studies suggests that higher intakes of polyphenols may be inversely associated with the risk of cognitive disorders [24] and other chronic diseases, like cardiovascular diseases [25] and hypertension [26]. Lignans and phytosterols can have an antidepressant effect related to increasing serotonin levels, reducing cortisol levels, suppressing neuroinflammatory reactions, including in microglia, and inhibiting stressinduced damage to intestinal barrier integrity [27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Association of Lignan and Phytosterol Intake with Stress Perception during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Polish Study on Young Adults

Micek,

Jagielski,

Bolesławska

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background: There has been an increasing global prevalence of depression and other psychiatric diseases in recent years. Perceived stress has been proven to be associated with psychiatric and somatic symptoms. Some animal and human studies have suggested that consuming foods abundant in lignans and phytosterols may be associated with lower levels of stress, depression, and anxiety. Still, the evidence is not yet strong enough to draw firm conclusions. Thus, we investigated the association between dietary intake of these phytochemicals and the level of stress experienced by adult individuals. Methods: Diet was assessed using self-reported 7-day dietary records. The intakes of lignans and phytosterols were estimated using databases with their content in various food products. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was implemented to measure the level of perceived stress. A logistic regression analysis was used to test for associations. Results: The odds of elevated PSS were negatively associated with dietary intake of total phytosterols, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, with evidence of a decreasing trend across tertiles of phytochemicals. The analysis for doubling the intake reinforced the aforementioned relationships and found protective effects against PSS for total lignans, pinoresinol, and campesterol. Conclusions: Habitual inclusion of lignans and phytosterols in the diet may play a role in psychological health. To address the global outbreak of depression and other mental health issues triggered by stress, it is important to take a holistic approach. There is a need to develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment, among which certain dietary interventions such as consumption of products abundant in lignans and phytosterols may play a substantial role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative Association of Lignan and Phytosterol Intake with Stress Perception during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Polish Study on Young Adults

Micek,

Jagielski,

Bolesławska

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Most simple sugars are supposed to come from fruits. Fruits and vegetables play an important role to supply fiber, moreover are sources of minerals and vitamins, needed to avoid micronutrient deficiencies, as well as the main source of phytochemical compounds, such as (poly)phenols, that have been reported in several comprehensive summary of evidence to potentially play an important role for human health through the prevention of chronic diseases, including certain types of cancer [ 48 , 49 ], cardiovascular [ 50 , 51 ] and neurodegenerative diseases [ 52 ], and mortality [ 53 ]. While tackling malnutrition issues, some vitamins and phytochemicals may show, to a various extent, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which play a role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases [ 54 ].…”

Section: The Mediterranean Diet In Science: the Main Features In Mode...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Godos,

Scazzina,

Paternò Castello

et al. 2024

J Transl Med

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Over the last decades, the Mediterranean diet gained enormous scientific, social, and commercial attention due to proven positive effects on health and undeniable taste that facilitated a widespread popularity. Researchers have investigated the role of Mediterranean-type dietary patterns on human health all around the world, reporting consistent findings concerning its benefits. However, what does truly define the Mediterranean diet? The myriad of dietary scores synthesizes the nutritional content of a Mediterranean-type diet, but a variety of aspects are generally unexplored when studying the adherence to this dietary pattern. Among dietary factors, the main characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, such as consumption of fruit and vegetables, olive oil, and cereals should be accompanied by other underrated features, such as the following: (i) specific reference to whole-grain consumption; (ii) considering the consumption of legumes, nuts, seeds, herbs and spices often untested when exploring the adherence to the Mediterranean diet; (iii) consumption of eggs and dairy products as common foods consumed in the Mediterranean region (irrespectively of the modern demonization of dietary fat intake). Another main feature of the Mediterranean diet includes (red) wine consumption, but more general patterns of alcohol intake are generally unmeasured, lacking specificity concerning the drinking occasion and intensity (i.e., alcohol drinking during meals). Among other underrated aspects, cooking methods are rather simple and yet extremely varied. Several underrated aspects are related to the quality of food consumed when the Mediterranean diet was first investigated: foods are locally produced, minimally processed, and preserved with more natural methods (i.e., fermentation), strongly connected with the territory with limited and controlled impact on the environment. Dietary habits are also associated with lifestyle behaviors, such as sleeping patterns, and social and cultural values, favoring commensality and frugality. In conclusion, it is rather reductive to consider the Mediterranean diet as just a pattern of food groups to be consumed decontextualized from the social and geographical background of Mediterranean culture. While the methodologies to study the Mediterranean diet have demonstrated to be useful up to date, a more holistic approach should be considered in future studies by considering the aforementioned underrated features and values to be potentially applied globally through the concept of a “Planeterranean” diet.

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“…Plant-derived (poly)phenols, a group of naturally occurring phytochemicals present in high amounts in fruits, vegetables and cereals, in addition to their impact on brain functions [62], have been reported to impact the intestinal microbiota by supporting the proliferation of beneficial microbes or by suppressing the proliferation of pathogens [63]. Indeed, a "prebiotic-like" effect of phenolic compounds and (poly)phenol-derived gut microbial metabolites has been reported to increase protective strains of bacteria, to decrease pathogenic inflammatory microorganisms, and to influence the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, that is altered with ageing [17,64].…”

Section: (Poly)phenols Gut-microbiota-brain Axis and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary (Poly)phenols and the Gut–Brain Axis in Ageing

Láng,

McArthur,

Lazar

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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As the population ages, the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is rapidly increasing, and novel approaches to mitigate this soaring prevalence are sorely needed. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of gut microbial homeostasis and its impact on brain functions, commonly referred to as the gut–brain axis, in maintaining overall health and wellbeing. Nonetheless, the mechanisms by which this system acts remains poorly defined. In this review, we will explore how (poly)phenols, a class of natural compounds found in many plant-based foods and beverages, can modulate the gut–brain axis, and thereby promote neural health. While evidence indicates a beneficial role of (poly)phenol consumption as part of a balanced diet, human studies are scarce and mechanistic insight is still lacking. In this regard, we make the case that dietary (poly)phenols should be further explored to establish their therapeutic efficacy on brain health through modulation of the gut–brain axis, with much greater emphasis on carefully designed human interventions.

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Dietary (Poly)phenols and Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Negative Association of Lignan and Phytosterol Intake with Stress Perception during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Polish Study on Young Adults

Negative Association of Lignan and Phytosterol Intake with Stress Perception during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Polish Study on Young Adults

Underrated aspects of a true Mediterranean diet: understanding traditional features for worldwide application of a “Planeterranean” diet

Dietary (Poly)phenols and the Gut–Brain Axis in Ageing

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