Dietary Patterns, Physical Activity, and Socioeconomic Associations in a Midwestern Cohort of Healthy Reproductive-Age Women

Abstract

Objective: To characterize dietary patterns and physical activity in a diverse cohort of Midwestern reproductive-age women and to determine associations between these lifestyle factors, socioeconomic factors, and obesity. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 185 women completed validated food frequency and physical activity questionnaires. Dietary patterns were identified through principal component analysis. Sociodemographic characteristics associated with dietary pattern adherence and physical activity participation were identified through linear regression. Associations between lifestyle factors and obesity were assessed through logistic regression.Results: Two dietary patterns were identified: a "Prudent" pattern characterized by consumption of fruits, vegetables, olive oil, and nuts and a "Western" pattern including meat, refined carbohydrates, and high-calorie drinks. African-American women and women without a college degree were more likely to adhere to the Western dietary pattern than other women. Women in areas with higher socioeconomic deprivation had lower levels of physical activity, especially leisure-time exercise. Women who completed college participated in more leisure-time exercise and had less physically demanding occupations. Obesity was associated with increasing adherence to the Western dietary pattern in a dose-dependent fashion (aOR range: 2.68 to 4.33, 95% CI range: 0.69 to 16.61) but was not associated with adherence to the Prudent pattern (aOR range:Terms of use and reuse: academic research for non-commercial purposes, see here for full terms. https://www.springer.com/aamterms-v1

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“…The moderate-high level of physical activity we observed in about 70% of the women enrolled appears supported by similar healthy lifestyle habits described by Bedrick et al [48] in a cohort of women of childbearing age.…”

“…The adapted version of the Turconi et al questionnaire [38] and the IPAQ questionnaire [41] allowed us to estimate a prevalence of rather healthy lifestyle habits for more than 60% of the women we enrolled. The study of Bedrick et al [48] confirmed the presence of two dominant dietary patterns in a cohort of midwestern women of reproductive age. In particular, according to a food frequency assessment, one pattern was defined as healthier and the other one less healthy, with prevalence values similar to those we observed in the present research and falling in the range of previous studies [48].…”

“…The study of Bedrick et al [48] confirmed the presence of two dominant dietary patterns in a cohort of midwestern women of reproductive age. In particular, according to a food frequency assessment, one pattern was defined as healthier and the other one less healthy, with prevalence values similar to those we observed in the present research and falling in the range of previous studies [48]. Some studies described different eating habits of women of childbearing age, finding that they did not meet recommendations for multiple nutrients or that there were no differences compared with the dietary behaviors of women of the same age planning a future pregnancy and potentially interested in improving health-related behaviors [49].…”

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