Dietary Patterns of Nurses on Rotational Shifts Are Marked by Redistribution of Energy into the Nightshift

Flanagan, Alan; Lowson, Elizabeth; Arber, Sara; Griffin, Bruce A.; Skene, Debra J.

doi:10.3390/nu12041053

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…The comparison of shift schedules (early morning, day, afternoon/evening, or night shifts) showed no difference in energy intake either [50]. Interestingly, Flanagan et al described no difference in the total energy intake among shift workers during their night shift or non-night shift, but the energy intake was redistributed during the night shift [26]. On the contrary, a few studies found an increased energy intake among shift workers [19,24,29].…”

Section: The Impact Of Shift Work On Energy and Macronutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 97%

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The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

Hemmer¹,

Mareschal²,

Dibner

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Energy metabolism is tightly linked with circadian rhythms, exposure to ambient light, sleep/wake, fasting/eating, and rest/activity cycles. External factors, such as shift work, lead to a disruption of these rhythms, often called circadian misalignment. Circadian misalignment has an impact on some physiological markers. However, these proxy measurements do not immediately translate into major clinical health outcomes, as shown by later detrimental health effects of shift work and cardio-metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the effects of shift work on circadian rhythms and its implications in cardio-metabolic disorders and eating patterns. Shift work appears to be a risk factor of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and the metabolic syndrome. However, past studies showed discordant findings regarding the changes of lipid profile and eating patterns. Most studies were either small and short lab studies, or bigger and longer cohort studies, which could not measure health outcomes in a detailed manner. These two designs explain the heterogeneity of shift schedules, occupations, sample size, and methods across studies. Given the burden of non-communicable diseases and the growing concerns about shift workers’ health, novel approaches to study shift work in real contexts are needed and would allow a better understanding of the interlocked risk factors and potential mechanisms involved in the onset of metabolic disorders.

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Section: The Impact Of Shift Work On Energy and Macronutrient Intakementioning

confidence: 97%

“…The energy distribution during the 24-h period can be disrupted by shift work [26,49,51,68,69] without necessarily an increase in energy intake. Multiple meta-analyses were performed and did not always find consistent results in energy distribution between night shifts and day shifts.…”

Section: The Impact Of Shift Work On the Timing Of Eatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

Hemmer¹,

Mareschal²,

Dibner

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…The group that restricted food intake to the daytime also had superior overnight cognitive function (51). This is especially salient given that many shift workers redistribute their energy intakes into the night when working shifts (52). Additional studies using larger sample sizes and investigating the effects of diet composition on a range of round-the-clock postprandial responses will be instructive.…”

Section: Diet Timing In Shift Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science

Potter

Wood

2020

Front. Nutr.

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Shift work is commonplace in modern societies, and shift workers are predisposed to the development of numerous chronic diseases. Disruptions to the circadian systems of shift workers are considered important contributors to the biological dysfunction these people frequently experience. Because of this, understanding how to alter shift work and zeitgeber (time cue) schedules to enhance circadian system function is likely to be key to improving the health of shift workers. While light exposure is the most important zeitgeber for the central clock in the circadian system, diet and exercise are plausible zeitgebers for circadian clocks in many tissues. We know little about how different zeitgebers interact and how to tailor zeitgeber schedules to the needs of individuals; however, in this review we share some guidelines to help shift workers adapt to their work schedules based on our current understanding of circadian biology. We focus in particular on the importance of diet timing and composition. Going forward, developments in phenotyping and "envirotyping" methods may be important to understanding how to optimise shift work. Non-invasive, multimodal, comprehensive phenotyping using multiple sources of time-stamped data may yield insights that are critical to the care of shift workers. Finally, the impact of these advances will be reduced without modifications to work environments to make it easier for shift workers to engage in behaviours conducive to their health. Integrating findings from behavioural science and ergonomics may help shift workers make healthier choices, thereby amplifying the beneficial effects of improved lifestyle prescriptions for these people.

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“…Most studies on the subject have failed to compare differences in patterns of daily calorie intake between night workers and permanent day workers. These groups differ in the distribution of meals over a 24-h period, where night workers tend to eat irregularly during their shifts, consuming carbohydrates and high-fat snacks [ 3 , 4 ]. However, the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids is especially impaired during the night [ 5 ], where the intake of these nutrients at biologically inappropriate times has deleterious effects on the proper functioning of the metabolism and quality of sleep [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing and Composition of Last Meal before Bedtime Affect Sleep Parameters of Night Workers

et al. 2021

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Night workers tend to eat irregularly, both in terms of meal times and composition. The disruption in energy metabolism caused by inappropriate eating habits can negatively affect the sleep quality of these individuals. The objectives of this study were to determine the interval between the last meal and bedtime and its relationship with both diurnal and nocturnal sleep parameters, as well as to evaluate the association of the adequacy of this meal with sleep parameters. The analyses were carried out for a usual sleep routine on a workday and a day off. This cross-sectional study was part of a controlled, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. The sample comprised 30 female nursing professionals who worked permanent night shifts of 12 × 36 h. Timing and composition of the last meal were obtained from food diaries, and sleep parameters were collected via actigraphy. On multiple linear regression analysis, every hour decrease in the interval between the last meal and sleep onset there was an increase of 0.39 h on diurnal sleep duration. Regarding food intake, every 1 g of fat and 1 g of carbohydrate consumed was associated with an increase in diurnal sleep onset latency of 0.13 h and 0.02 h, respectively. These findings suggest that both timing and composition of the last meal before bedtime may be potential key factors for good diurnal and nocturnal sleep among night-shift workers.

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Dietary Patterns of Nurses on Rotational Shifts Are Marked by Redistribution of Energy into the Nightshift

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

The Future of Shift Work: Circadian Biology Meets Personalised Medicine and Behavioural Science

Timing and Composition of Last Meal before Bedtime Affect Sleep Parameters of Night Workers

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