Dietary Patterns in Runners with Gastrointestinal Disorders

Erdman, Kelly Anne; Jones, Krista; Madden, Robyn F.; Gammack, Nancy; Parnell, Jill A.

doi:10.3390/nu13020448

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Some of the common ailments among athletes are stomach pain/cramps, bloating, intestinal pain/cramps and diarrhea (Erdman et al, 2021). However, since there is no evidence about the benefits of gastrointestinal stress, immune response and athletic performance, a gluten-free diet should not be recommended to athletes who do not have celiac disease (Lis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?

Güner

Çilginoğlu

2023

Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi

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People often think gluten-free products are healthier. This idea has been a source of motivation for many consumers, including athletes. With the growing popular perception that gluten-free foods are healthier, whether this diet is actually beneficial has had to be questioned. In the study, on the basis of the Health Belief Model, it was evaluated how the gluten-free diet was preferred among the athletes. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the formation of awareness in athletes on this issue. Scientific publications published so far have been examined with a systematic literature search. 45 studies between the years 2012-2022 in Web of Science, Scopus and TR Index databases have been examined. “Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?” in all of the reviewed publications. The answer to the research question was sought. The data analyzed with the MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis program were classified and interpreted by the content analysis method. The study was designed according to the ENTREQ control guideline. As a result of the sources examined, it has been determined that a gluten-free diet facilitates digestion, lowers cholesterol levels and reduces cardiovascular risks. However, it has been observed that the body is deficient in meeting the nutrients it needs. Studies conducted in various countries have shown that gluten-free products have poor content, especially in terms of protein and iron content that athletes need. Most of the obtained publications were compilation type. However, it is thought that case studies to be conducted with athletes who eat gluten-free in future studies will allow to discuss the subject from a different aspect.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?

Güner

Çilginoğlu

2023

Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi

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“…Generally, anaerobic strength exercise has higher adverse effects than aerobic endurance exercise [37,39]. Vigorous exercise, such as competitive running, can impair brain-gut axis signaling, trigger splanchnic ischemia and blood hypoperfusion where blood is moved forward the working muscles, exacerbating nutrient absorption, increasing intestinal permeability and motility dysfunction, and aggravating the severity of IBS GI and extra-GI symptoms [68][69][70][82][83][84][85][86]. Running works against the organized structure of the intestinal tract inside the abdominal cavity by gravity force which may lead to diaphragm spasm, dysbiosis, an increase of serotonin production, affects pain sensitization of afferent nerves, and induce IBS symptoms [85,89].…”

Section: How Substantial Is the Evidence Linking Exercise And Irritab...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study by Ruiz-Iglesias et al, 2022 [92] intensive training program in Wistar rats decreased the salivary IgA concentration, impaired the CLDN and ZO-1 gene expression, and altered the mesenteric lymphocyte composition. Increasing exercise intensity is associated with the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, releasing of stress hormones, decreasing of natural killer (NK) cells, and stimulation of pro-inflammatory modulators such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, LPS translocation, and Tolllike receptors (TLR)-mediated recognition of gut commensal bacteria, which alters gut motility and leads to immunosuppression, localized and systemic inflammation [84,89,94]. Furthermore, vigorous repetitive exercise causes cellular damage, may compromise the mesenteric redox environment by weakening the activity of antioxidant enzymes and produces oxidation markers ROS, and leads to unfavorable intracellular biochemical changes [90,95], such as macromolecules peroxidation and ZO-1 phosphorylation [90].…”

Section: How Substantial Is the Evidence Linking Exercise And Irritab...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can physical exercise help people with irritable bowel syndrome? How substantial is the evidence?

Ahmad,

Thnaibat

2023

HSR

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Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide that negatively affect health and quality of life and imposes high costs. Increasing attention is being paid to non-pharmacological therapies, like physical exercise, to manage and alleviate irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, but the underlying mechanism is unclear, and the evidence is inconclusive. This article aims to provide an overview analysis of the recent evidence that links physical exercise with irritable bowel symptoms. Material and methods. For the last five years of research (2018-2023), we searched several international scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ADI, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Medline, Clinical trials.gov, Google Scholar, and the WHO database. Results. Generally, exercise exerts variable effects on gut physiology, integrity, and health. Much research recommended adopting regular light-to-moderate aerobic exercise and relaxation anaerobic exercise to enhance the patient’s psychological well-being and alleviate global irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. These types of exercise are purported to improve bowel function, motility, tone, habits, immunity, microbial diversity, and quality of life due to a decrease in psychological stress, depression, anxiety index, irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score, intestinal hypersensitivity, and gut permeability. In contrast, more studies reported several disruptive effects of vigorous aerobic exercise on gut integrity and physiology that can compromise irritable bowel syndrome symptoms by inducing splanchnic hypoperfusion, gastrointestinal epithelial wall damage, malabsorption, dysbiosis, and bacterial translocation, thus calling into question the positive outcomes of the exercise. Conclusions. There is overwhelming evidence recommending regular light-to-moderate aerobic exercise and anaerobic relaxation exercises for patients with IBS. However, this evidence seems low-quality, making it challenging to confirm the actual impacts of exercise. Ethnicity, study design, type and intensity of exercise, and methodological issues are among the reasons that are put forward to account for this low-quality evidence. Thus, well-designed plausible studies, particularly randomized controlled trials and research on individualized exercise intervention settings that consider exercise frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, and progression, are highly demanded to enable drawing specific exercise recommendations for irritable bowel syndrome patients without adverse effects.

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“…Comparably, evidence exists supporting the potential benefit of some dietary strategies, such as diets low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, for reducing exercise-induced GIS [47]. While investigating the dietary patterns of both runners diagnosed with IBS and undiagnosed with IBS but suffering reflux frequently, [48] found that while many athletes avoid triggering foods in pre-race meals, they also consume foods that are potentially aggravating their GIS and would likely benefit from further nutritional advice for those suffering with IBS or IBS-related symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Nutrition Strategies Employed by Ultra-Endurance Athletes to Alleviate Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Symptoms—A Systematic Review

Ryan,

Daly,

Ryan

2023

Nutrients

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(1) Background: Participation in ultra-endurance sports, particularly ultra-running, has increased over the previous three decades. These are accompanied by high energetic demands, which may be further exacerbated by extreme environmental conditions. Preparation is long-term, comprising of sufficient exercise management, supportive dietary habits, and nutritional intakes for optimal adaptations. Gastrointestinal symptoms are often cited as causing underperformance and incompletion of events. Though the majority do not pose serious long-term health risks, they may still arise. It has been suggested that the nutritional interventions employed by such athletes prior to, during, and after exercise have the potential to alter symptom incidence, severity, and duration. A summary of such interventions does not yet exist, making it difficult for relevant personnel to develop recommendations that simultaneously improve athletic performance by attenuating gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this research is to systematically review the literature investigating the effects of a nutrition intervention on ultra-endurance athletes exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptom incidence, severity, or duration. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted (PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Sports Discus) in January 2023 to investigate the effects of various nutrition interventions on ultra-endurance athletes’ (regardless of irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis) exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. Variations of key words such as “ultra-endurance”, “gastrointestinal”, and “nutrition” were searched. The risk of bias in each paper was assessed using the ADA quality criteria checklist. (3) Results: Of the seven eligible studies, one was a single field-based case study, while the majority employed a crossover intervention design. A total of n = 105 participants (n = 50 male; n = 55 female) were included in this review. Practicing a diet low in short-chain, poorly absorbed carbohydrates, known as fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs), as well as employing repetitive gut challenges of carbohydrates, remain the most promising of strategies for exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptom management. (4) Conclusion: Avoiding high-FODMAP foods and practicing repetitive gut challenges are promising methods to manage gastrointestinal symptoms. However, sample sizes are often small and lack supportive power calculations.

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Dietary Patterns in Runners with Gastrointestinal Disorders

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?

The Health Belief Model and the Gluten-Free Diet: Are Gluten-Free Products Really Beneficial in Athlete Diets?

Can physical exercise help people with irritable bowel syndrome? How substantial is the evidence?

Exploring the Nutrition Strategies Employed by Ultra-Endurance Athletes to Alleviate Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Symptoms—A Systematic Review

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