Dietary patterns are associated with general and central obesity in elderly living in a Brazilian city

Abstract

Objective: dietary pattern evaluation is often used in order to determine wheter a diet is healthy, as well as to predict the onset of diseases. This study aimed to identify dietary patterns, and to examine their associations with general (body mass index) and central (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) obesity in community-living elderly in a Brazilian city. Methods: this cross-sectional study included 126 elderly subjects aged 60 or older (57.1% females and mean age 74.2 ± 6.46 years). Anthropometric variables, weight, height, waist (WC) and hip (HC) circumferences, were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Answers to a Food Frequency Questionnaire were interpreted by Principal Component Analysis in order to identify dietary patterns. Results: five dietary patterns were identified and named as prudent (fruit, vegetables and meat), sweets and fats (pastries, sugary foods, fatty foods, whole milk), typical Brazilian (fried eggs, cooked beans, beef, candy, string beans, fried cassava), Mediterranean (fruit, vegetables, olive oil and nuts) and traditional meal (rice and beans). Moderate and high adherences to the Mediterranean pattern were protective factors to general and central obesity (WHR). High adherence to prudent was also protective to central obesity (WC). Conclusion: adherences to the dietary patterns prudent and Mediterranean were protective factors to general and central obesity in elderly.

Anthropometric, functional capacity, and oxidative stress changes in Brazilian community-living elderly subjects. A longitudinal study

“…The study was conducted in Botucatu (130,201 inhabitants) (IBGE, 2012) located (22 53 0 09" south latitude, 48 26 0 42" west longitude) in the Sao Paulo state, Brazil. The study consisted in a reevaluation in 2010 (Moment 2010) of a community-living elderly group assessed in 2008 (Moment 2008) (Moreira, Corrente, Boas, & Ferreira, 2014). Two-year follow-up was chosen according to previous study with elderly people (Enoki et al, 2007;Ramos, Simoes, & Albert, 2001) whose results showed that functional decline, anthropometric changes and mortality were correlated in a 2-year period.…”

“…The corrected arm muscle area (AMAc) was calculated by established formulas (Heymsfield, McManus, Smith, Stevens, & Nixon, 1982). The evaluation of estimated daily intake was performed according to previous study (Moreira, Corrente et al, 2014).…”

Dietary patterns of elderly persons from the city of São Paulo: evidence from the SABE (Health, Wellbeing and Aging) survey

“…Healthy dietary patterns characterized by increased intakes of fruits and vegetables have been linked to lower risks of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, while Western dietary patterns (sugar, fat, processed foods and refined grains) may have the opposite effect. Studies have indicated that dietary patterns can be influenced not only by age, but also by gender, socioeconomic status, marital status, household arrangement, lifestyle and clinical conditions such as disease and mastigation [12][13][14][15] .…”

Relationship between Obesity and Korean and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Literature

“…Table 2 shows an overview of the selected studies (n=17), which include 12 cross-sectional23–34 and five prospective cohort studies 35–39. Except for two studies31,32 using factor analysis, all studies used scoring methods to identify adherence to MDP. Of the 17 articles, 12 reported that the MDP has a preventive effect on obesity 24–33,35,37.…”