Dietary patterns are associated with lung function among Spanish smokers without respiratory disease

Abstract

BackgroundDiet can help preserve lung function in smokers, in addition to avoidance of smoking. The study aimed to evaluate associations between dietary patterns and lung function in smokers without respiratory disease.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analysed baseline data from randomised representative smokers without respiratory disease (n = 207, aged 35–70 years), selected from 20 primary health-care centres. Participants completed a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Impaired lung function was defined as FVC <80% and/or FEV1 < 80% of predicted value and/or FEV1/FVC <0.7. Associations were determined by logistic regression.ResultsThree major dietary patterns were identified. In multivariate-adjusted model, impaired lung function was associated with the Alcohol-consumption pattern (OR 4.56, 95% CI 1.58–13.18), especially in women (OR 11.47, 95% CI 2.25–58.47), and with the Westernised pattern in women (OR 5.62, 95% CI 1.17–27.02), whereas it not was associated with the Mediterranean-like pattern (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.28–1.79).ConclusionIn smokers without respiratory disease, the Alcohol-consumption pattern and the Westernised pattern are associated with impaired lung function, especially in women. The Mediterranean-like pattern appears to be associated with preserved lung function because no statistical association is observed with impaired lung function. In addition to smoking cessation, modifying dietary patterns has possible clinical application to preserve lung function.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-016-0326-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Potential Micronutrients and Phytochemicals against the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer

“…In contrast, cured meat and alcohol were associated with detrimental effects on lung function [ 23 , 24 ]. These effects were confirmed in large population-based dietary pattern studies [ 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Their protective properties were still significant even in combination with other foods and with risk of counteracting effects [ 28 ].…”

Role of Diet in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevention and Treatment

“…Accordingly, in a Spanish population of adult smokers without respiratory diseases, three major dietary patterns were derived: alcohol-consumption pattern (loaded by intake of wine, beer, and/or distilled drinks), Westernized pattern (loaded by high consumption of cured and red meats, dairy products, and sugary drinks, desserts and sweets, and low in fruits, vegetables, legumes, and fish), and Mediterranean-like pattern (loaded by high intake of poultry, eggs, fish, vegetables, legumes, potatoes, dairy desserts, fruits, nuts, and dried fruit) [153]. When the prevalence of impaired lung function (as determined by spirometry) across tertiles of dietary patterns was analyzed, impaired lung function was observed in all participants with an alcohol consumption pattern (OR = 4.56, p for trend = 0.005) especially in women (OR = 11.47, p for trend = 0.003), and in women with the Westernized pattern (OR = 5.62, p for trend = 0.031).…”

“…When the prevalence of impaired lung function (as determined by spirometry) across tertiles of dietary patterns was analyzed, impaired lung function was observed in all participants with an alcohol consumption pattern (OR = 4.56, p for trend = 0.005) especially in women (OR = 11.47, p for trend = 0.003), and in women with the Westernized pattern (OR = 5.62, p for trend = 0.031). By contrast, the Mediterranean-like dietary pattern was not significantly associated with impaired lung function, but with a trend for preserved lung function (OR = 0.71, p for trend >0.05), suggesting that it may protect lung function against the deleterious effects of smoking [153].…”

“…The study by Sorli-Aguilar et al [153] provides some new information: (1) it restricted the observation to smokers, thus stressing the importance of eating pattern, in addition to smoking cessation, as a possible preventive measure for improving lung health; (2) it provides a first report on the association between a Mediterranean-like diet and lung function. An impressive and unprecedented accrual of high-quality evidence from observational and interventional studies converges to the recognition of the traditional Mediterranean diet as one of the healthiest dietary patterns, being protective against incidence and mortality of major chronic diseases, mainly CVD and cancer [157,158].…”

Nutritional Renaissance and Public Health Policy

“…This suggests a growing awareness of the broad effect of whole food on health and disease outcomes, an awareness that is consistent with the epitropic and wholistic characteristics of nutrition function at the cellular and physiological levels presented here. During 2016 and early 2017, an unusually large number of research publications are focused on dietary patterns, which have been creating a consensus that meat and other animal based foods increase while whole plant-based foods decrease risk for a broad variety of chronic disease outcomes, including overall cancer occurrence [ 67 ], cancer survivorship [ 68 ], type 2 diabetes [ 69 ], bone mineral density [ 70 , 71 ], lung function [ 72 ], age-related macular degeneration [ 73 ], cardio-metabolic and endocrine biomarkers [ 74 ], hip fracture [ 75 ], offspring adiposity [ 76 ], mental depression [ 77 ] and diverticulitis [ 78 ], among many others.…”