Dietary patterns and whole grain cereals in the Scandinavian countries – differences and similarities. The HELGA project

Abstract

Objective: To identify dietary patterns with whole grains as a main focus to see if there is a similar whole grain pattern in the three Scandinavian countries;

Dietary patterns in the French adult population: a study from the second French national cross-sectional dietary survey (INCA2) (2006–2007)

“…As reported in other studies, dietary patterns can highlight the specific food habits, preferences and availability of the countries (80,102) . The multiplicity of dietary patterns identified in this work clearly reflects the contradictory attitudes of the French population toward food, such as health awareness, indulgence, pleasure, conviviality, but also convenience and practicality (103,104) .…”

The effect of under-reporting of energy intake on dietary patterns and on the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease in women aged 50–69 years

“…The orthogonal (varimax) and oblique (oblimin) rotation methods gave the same result, and we chose to apply the orthogonal (varimax) rotation method in order to achieve a simpler structure of the dietary patterns with greater interpretability. The varimax rotation is the most common rotation method applied in dietary pattern analysis (1,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54) and leads to uncorrelated dietary patterns. Food groups with a factor loading ≥0•3 (absolute value) were considered to be important contributors to a component.…”

Dietary patterns in Swedish adults; results from a national dietary survey

“…However, the third pattern identified by Knudsen et al (22) , was a 'fast food pattern', loading on pizza, hamburgers, crisps, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets, with few similarities to our light-meal pattern. In the Nordic HELGA project, which included data from the Swedish Västerbotten Intervention Program, Nordic and country-specific dietary patterns were derived (16) . One of the major patterns identified was a 'bread and potatoes' pattern similar to our Swedish traditional pattern (with high loadings for potatoes, processed meat, white and crisp bread, margarine, sweet condiments, as well as cakes and biscuits); this pattern persisted also when using only Swedish data (16) .…”

“…In Swedish settings, cluster analysis (12)(13)(14) rather than PCA have been more commonly applied (15) . Data from Swedish cohort studies have been included in multicounty studies that used PCA to identify dietary patterns (2,16,17) . However, data-derived dietary patterns have previously not been identified in a nationally representative sample of the Swedish population.…”