Dietary patterns and their association with adiponectin and leptin concentrations throughout pregnancy: a prospective cohort

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary patterns (DP) with maternal adiposity indicators, leptin, adiponectin and insulin concentrations during pregnancy. A prospective cohort of pregnant women followed up at the 5th-13th, 20th -26th and 30th-36th gestational weeks and 30-40 d postpartum was conducted in Rio de Janeiro. A FFQ was administered in the third trimester (30th-36th gestational weeks). The reduced rank regression procedure was used to identify DP that explain response variables (dietary fibre and total fat) related to indicators of maternal adiposity (postpartum weight retention and gestational weight gain (GWG) adequacy), and plasma leptin, adiponectin and insulin concentrations. The associations between tertiles of DP and the outcomes were determined using logistic regression or longitudinal linear mixed-effect regression models. The mean daily energy intake during pregnancy was 10 104 (sd 3234) kJ (2415 (sd 773) kcal), and GWG was 11·9 (sd 4·2) kg. In all, 40 % of women presented pre-gestational overweight/obesity. Excessive GWG occurred in 34·7 % of pregnant women and 56·6 % were overweight/obese at postpartum. The 'common-Brazilian' DP (characterised by higher intake of beans, rice and lower intake of fast food/snacks, candies/table sugar and processed meats/bacon) was positively associated with adiponectin (β=1·07; 95 % CI 0·17, 1·98). The 'Western' DP (characterised by higher intake of fast food/snacks and processed meat/bacon and lower intake of noodles/pasta/roots/tubers and sodas) was negatively associated with adiponectin (β=-1·11; 95 % CI -2·00, -0·22) and positively associated with leptin concentrations (β=64·9; 95 % CI 22·8, 107·0) throughout pregnancy. It may be suggested that the 'common-Brazilian' is a healthy DP and beneficial for serum concentrations of adiponectin and leptin.

‘Energy-Dense, High-SFA and Low-Fiber’ Dietary Pattern Lowered Adiponectin but Not Leptin Concentration of Breast Cancer Survivors

“…The 'energy-dense, high-SFA and low-fiber' DP in this study was significantly and inversely related to HMW adiponectin concentration after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. This inverse relationship appeared to be consistent with other research which also found a negative relationship between the Traditional English pattern [20], the "Izakaya" pattern [21] and the Western pattern [44,45] with adiponectin concentration. As compared to DP in this current study, all dietary patterns observed earlier shared similar characteristics of high consumption levels of energy-dense food such as fried foods, fast foods, processed meat, sugar, refined grains intake and have low consumptions of vegetables, fruits, wholegrain, and low-fat dairies.…”

“…Previous studies have found positive relationships between dietary patterns that were characterized by healthy food consumption and adiponectin concentration [8]. This further supported the explanation of the effects of dietary pattern towards circulating adiponectin [20][21][22]45]. Furthermore, breast cancer patients showed that a reduction in the concentration of HMW adiponectin had an important effect on insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, and this was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer mortality [47].…”

The Influence of Nutrition on Adiponectin—A Narrative Review

“…Likewise, a cross-sectional study by Jafari-Vayghan et al [ 101 ] demonstrated that the Western diet was negatively correlated with adiponectin concentrations. Comparable results were also obtained by Alves-Santos et al [ 103 ] in a group of pregnant women. Adherence to the Western dietary pattern was negatively related to intra-gestational adiponectin concentrations.…”

Implications of inflammation and insulin resistance in obese pregnant women with gestational diabetes: A case study

“…30 A recent prospective cohort study demonstrated that healthy dietary patterns throughout pregnancy improve serum adipokine levels. 32 Taken together, it is evident that abnormal adipokine levels secreted from adipose tissue are complicated with the establishment of insulin resistance and inflammation. 21…”