Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-Communicable Diseases

Amerikanou, Charalampia; Tzavara, Chara; Kaliora, Andriana C.

doi:10.3390/nu16010082

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Individuals consume a variety of foods in different combinations and the approach of single foods or nutrients does not, therefore, reflect the reality [31]. Several healthy, plant-based dietary patterns have received great attention in terms of non-communicable disease prevention and treatment, including cardiometabolic disorders and diabetes [32], whereas Mediterranean-style and low-carbohydrate eating plans seem to be appropriate for individuals with prediabetes [33][34][35][36][37]. The protective effect of the Mediterranean diet, specifically concerning the prevention of T2DM, has been examined in detail the past years through randomized controlled trials as well as cross-sectional and prospective studies, highlighting the ability of this diet to prevent the onset of T2DM through the management of glucose and insulin levels, body weight, and the inflammation process [9,38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Reduces 20-Year Diabetes Incidence: The ATTICA Cohort Study (2002–2022)

Kechagia,

Tsiampalis,

Damigou

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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This study aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the 20-year incidence of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adults from the ATTICA study. This study involved a prospective cohort of 3042 men and women recruited at baseline from the Attica region in Greece. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examinations; adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed through the MedDietScore (range 0–55); four Mediterranean diet trajectories were identified (i.e., increasing, decreasing, and sustained high and sustained low adherence levels). For the present analysis, data from 2000 individuals with complete information were used (age 43 ± 13 years; 49% men). Over the 20-year period, 26.3% (95%CI 24.4%, 28.3%) of participants developed T2DM; men exhibited a 1.5-times higher incidence compared to women (p < 0.001). Individuals consistently close to the Mediterranean diet throughout the studied period had an improved glycemic and lipidemic profile (at baseline and at 10-y follow-up) (all p-values < 0.001) and showed a 21% reduction in their 20-year risk of developing T2DM compared to those who were consistently away (RR = 0.79, 95%CI 0.47, 0.86). A long-term adherence to the Mediterranean diet is protective against the onset of T2DM and, therefore, could be incorporated in public health actions for the prevention of the disease.

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