Dietary Nutrient Dependent Variations on Natural-Killer Activity of the Leucocytes of Rainbow Trout.

Zinc Oxide, Zinc Sulfate and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Source of Dietary Zinc: Comparative Effects on Growth and Hematological Indices of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

“…It is well known that deficiency of Zn leads to growth retardation (Lim et al, 1996) and immunological impairment in fish (Kiron et al, 1993). Moreover higher intake of Zn cause deleterious effects on fish growth (Hayat et al, 2007).…”

“…However, according to other scientists, without showing adverse effect on survival and growth performance, common carp and rainbow trout can tolerate up to 1700-1900 mg Zn per kg diet (Jeng and Sun, 1981;Wekell et al, 1983). Conversely, deficiency of dietary Zn has been found to impair immunological responses in rainbow trout (Kiron et al, 1993) and depressed growth in catfish by reducing appetite and decreasing the levels of Zn and calcium in bones (Lim et al, 1996). Thus, normal level of Zn is important for normal physiology, growth, efficient food utilization and bone mineralization of fish, while excessive amount not only caused severe excretion of Zn but also showed negative effect on bone mineralization (Liang et al, 2012).…”

Invasive walleye dermal sarcoma in laboratory-maintained walleyes Stizostedion vitreum

“…These fish were fed fathead minnows ad libitum. In trout a link between NCC activity and a deficiency in essential fatty acids and zinc was reported (Kiron et al 1993).…”

Short communicationRecovery from derangement of natural killer‐like activity of leucocytes due to Zn or Mn deficiency in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by the oral administration of these elements

“…Natural killer (NK)‐like activity of leucocytes has been reported in some species of fish (Hinuma, Abo, Kumagai & Hata 1980;Graves, Evans, Cobb & Dawe 1984;Etchberger, Reno & Moody 1987) active against protozoans (Graves, Evans & Dawe 1985), virus‐infected cells (Yoshinaga, Okamoto, Kurata & Ikeda 1994), and certain cultured tumour cells (Moody, Serreze & Reno 1985). Recently, Kiron, Gunji, Okamoto, Satoh, Ikeda & Watanabe (1993) reported that the feeding of zinc‐deficient diets to rainbow trout caused lower NK activities. In this study, the recovery from derangement of NK‐like activity of leucocytes due to a deficiency of zinc (Zn) or manganese (Mn) in rainbow trout was studied by oral administration of these elements.…”