Dietary n–3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Status of Immunocompetent Cells Involved in Innate Immunity in Female Rats

Sasaki, Taku; Kanke, Yusuke; Kudoh, Keita; Nagahashi, Masahito; Toyokawa, Maki; Matsuda, Michiyo; Shimizu, Jun; Takita, Toshichika

doi:10.1159/000012819

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Recently, there has been increased focus on a nutritional approach to both the prevention and cure of many diseases (Sasaki, 2000). Feeding fat of vegetable origin in ruminant rations increases the energy content of their diet and also improves the level of desirable nutrients, e.g., MUFA and PUFA, which may be beneficial in the treatment of some diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different amounts and types of fat on milk fatty acid composition in sheep

Potkański¹,

Szumacher-Strabel²,

Kowalczyk³

et al. 2001

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Four milking ewes (50±5 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiments to determine the effects of different sources and amounts of vegetable-origin fat in the diet on the fatty acid composition of milk. Ewes of the control group were fed a diet consisting of meadow hay and concentrate (60:40) that was supplemented for the experimental groups with rape seed oil, hydrogenated rape seed oil, or linseed oil at a level 4, 8 or 10% in dry matter of the diet. Addition of linseed and rape seed oil to the diet decreased (PO.05, PO.01) the level of total saturated fatty acids in milk. Rape seed oil and hydrogenated rape seed oil caused significant (PO.05, PO.01) increases in the level of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, whereas significant differences were not reached (P>0.05) when linseed oil was fed to sheep. Also, the total amount of PUFA+MUFA increased in milk (PO.05, PO.01) when diets with linseed and rape seed oil were fed. The level of stearic acid differed depending on the added fat. A lower (PO.01) level of stearic acid was observed when 8% of linseed oil was added, whereas it was higher (PO.05) when 10% of linseed oil and 8% and 10% of rape seed oil were added to the ration. Feeding ruminants rations supplemented with fat of vegetable origin increased the energy content of the diet and also improved the level of desirable fatty acids in milk, e.g., MUFA and PUFA, which may be recommended in the treatment of some diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different amounts and types of fat on milk fatty acid composition in sheep

Potkański¹,

Szumacher-Strabel²,

Kowalczyk³

et al. 2001

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…Culture of a monocytic cell line with EPA or DHA resulted in decreased production of tissue factor, TNF-α and IL-1β (Chu et al 1999). Fish oil feeding decreased ex vivo production of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by rodent macrophages (Billiar et al 1988;Renier et al 1993;Sasaki et al 2000;Wallace et al 2000) and splenocytes (Xi et al 1998). Infusion of fish oil into horses resulted in decreased production of TNF-α by isolated blood monocytes (McCann et al 2000), while infusion of fish oil into rats decreased production of TNF-α and IL-6 by blood monocytes (Grimm et al 1994).…”

Section: N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Cytokine Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary modification of inflammation with lipids

2002

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Then-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoicacid (DHA) are found in high proportions in oily fish and fish oils. Then-3 PUFA are structurally and functionally distinct from then-6 PUFA. Typically, human inflammatory cells contain high proportions of then-6 PUFA arachidonic acid and low proportions ofn-3 PUFA. The significance of this difference is that arachidonic acid is the precursor of 2-series prostaglandins and 4-series leukotrienes, which are highly-active mediators of inflammation. Feeding fish oil results in partial replacement of arachidonic acid in inflammatory cell membranes by EPA. This change leads to decreased production of arachidonic acid-derived mediators. This response alone is a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFA. However,n-3 PUFA have a number of other effects which might occur downstream of altered eicosanoid production or might be independent of this activity. For example, animal and human studies have shown that dietary fish oil results in suppressed production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and can decrease adhesion molecule expression. These effects occur at the level of altered gene expression. This action might come about through antagonism of the effects of arachidonic acid-derived mediators or through more direct actions on the intracellular signalling pathways which lead to activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFêB). Recent studies have shown thatn-3 PUFA can down regulate the activity of the nuclear transcription factor NFêB. Fish oil feeding has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms in some animal models of chronic inflammatory disease and to protect against the effects of endotoxin and similar inflammatory challenges. Clinical studies have reported that oral fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and among some patients with asthma, supporting the idea that then-3 PUFA in fish oil are antiinflammatory. There are indications that inclusion ofn-3 PUFA in enteral and parenteral formulas might be beneficial to patients in intensive care or post-surgery.

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“…Dietary conditioning is also important in the resistance of the catfish Ictalurus punctatus to a stressful condition (Lingenfelser et al, 1995). Moreover, in vertebrates it is well established that the composition and function of immune cells are influenced by the fatty acid composition of the diet (Peterson et al, 1998;Lennartz, 1999;De Pablo et al, 2000;Sasaki et al, 2000;Kelley and Rudolph, 2000;Calder, 2001). In bivalves, at present, the relationship between immunity and nutrition remains unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a mono-specific algal diet on immune functions in two bivalve species -Crassostrea gigasandRuditapes philippinarum

Delaporte

Soudant

Moal

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

177

103

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International audienceThe impact of diets upon the fatty acid composition of haemocyte polar lipids and consequently upon immune parameters has been tested in the oyster Crassostrea gigas and the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Oysters and clams were fed each of three cultured algae: Chaetoceros calcitrans, which is rich in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) and poor in 22:6(n-3) fatty acids; T-Iso (Isochrysis sp.), which is rich in 22:6(n-3) and deficient in 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6); and Tetraselmis suecica, which is deficient in 22:6(n-3) and contains only small amounts of 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6). Fatty acid composition of haemocyte polar lipids was greatly affected by the diet. Oysters and clams fed C. calcitrans maintained a higher proportion of 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) in their haemocyte polar lipids, while these polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased drastically for animals fed T-Iso. However, the T-Iso diet maintained 22:6(n-3) in haemocyte polar lipids of both species. Higher 20:5(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) contents in diets appeared to have a positive effect upon total haemocyte count, granulocyte percentage, phagocytic rate and oxidative activity of clam haemocytes. Similarly, a positive effect of 20:5(n-3) on oxidative activity of oyster haemocytes was observed but to a lesser extent than in clams. Interestingly, when oyster haemocytes are submitted to a stressful condition, a positive effect of a higher dietary 22:6(n-3) content on the phagocytic rate was noticed

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Dietary n–3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Status of Immunocompetent Cells Involved in Innate Immunity in Female Rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

The effects of different amounts and types of fat on milk fatty acid composition in sheep

The effects of different amounts and types of fat on milk fatty acid composition in sheep

Dietary modification of inflammation with lipids

Effect of a mono-specific algal diet on immune functions in two bivalve species -Crassostrea gigasandRuditapes philippinarum

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